वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-107, verse-9

आरुह्य तु रथं शीघ्रं शत्रुघ्नभरताव् उभौ ।
ययतुः परमप्रीतौ वृतौ मन्त्रिपुरोहितैः ॥९॥

9. āruhya tu rathaṃ śīghraṃ śatrughnabharatāv ubhau ,
yayatuḥ paramaprītau vṛtau mantripurohitaiḥ.

9. āruhya tu ratham śīghram śatrughnabharatau ubhau
yayatuḥ paramaprītau vṛtau mantripurohitaiḥ

9. tu śīghram ratham āruhya ubhau śatrughnabharatau
paramaprītau mantripurohitaiḥ vṛtau yayatuḥ

9. Having quickly ascended the chariot, both Shatrughna and Bharata, greatly delighted, went forth, accompanied by ministers and priests.

Words meanings summery:

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having climbed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• शत्रुघ्नभरतौ (śatrughnabharatau) - Shatrughna and Bharata

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• ययतुः (yayatuḥ) - they went

• परमप्रीतौ (paramaprītau) - greatly delighted, extremely pleased

• वृतौ (vṛtau) - surrounded, accompanied

• मन्त्रिपुरोहितैः (mantripurohitaiḥ) - by ministers and priests

Words meanings and morphology

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having climbed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'ruh' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'āruhya'.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'āruhya'.

शत्रुघ्नभरतौ (śatrughnabharatau) - Shatrughna and Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śatrughnabharata

śatrughnabharata - Shatrughna and Bharata

Dvandva compound of two proper nouns.

Compound type : dvandva (śatrughna+bharata)

• śatrughna – Slayer of foes (name of Rama's brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bharata – name of Rama's brother, one who carries/maintains
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'yayatuḥ'.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in dual.

Note: Qualifies 'śatrughnabharatau'.

ययतुः (yayatuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Tense

Perfect form of root 'yā'.

Root: yā (class 2)

परमप्रीतौ (paramaprītau) - greatly delighted, extremely pleased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of paramaprīta

paramaprīta - greatly delighted, extremely pleased

Tatpurusha compound (paramam prītaḥ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+prīta)

• parama – supreme, highest, greatest
  adjective (masculine)
• prīta – pleased, delighted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'prī' (to please).
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'śatrughnabharatau ubhau'.

वृतौ (vṛtau) - surrounded, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, chosen, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'śatrughnabharatau ubhau'.

मन्त्रिपुरोहितैः (mantripurohitaiḥ) - by ministers and priests

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mantripurohita

mantripurohita - ministers and priests

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (mantrin+purohita)

• mantrin – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• purohita – family priest, chaplain
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agent by which they were surrounded.