वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-107, verse-12

रथस्थः स तु धर्मात्मा भरतो भ्रातृवत्सलः ।
नन्दिग्रामं ययौ तूर्णं शिरस्याधाय पादुके ॥१२॥

12. rathasthaḥ sa tu dharmātmā bharato bhrātṛvatsalaḥ ,
nandigrāmaṃ yayau tūrṇaṃ śirasyādhāya pāduke.

12. rathasthaḥ saḥ tu dharmātmā bharataḥ bhrātṛvatsalaḥ
nandigrāmam yayau tūrṇam śirasi ādhāya pāduke

12. saḥ dharmātmā bhrātṛvatsalaḥ bharataḥ rathasthaḥ
tu śirasi pāduke ādhāya tūrṇam nandigrāmam yayau

12. Bharata, who was righteous (dharmātmā) and affectionate towards his brothers, quickly went to Nandigrama, having placed the two sandals (pāduke) on his head, while situated in his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, situated in a chariot

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, virtuous

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (a proper name)

• भ्रातृवत्सलः (bhrātṛvatsalaḥ) - affectionate towards brothers

• नन्दिग्रामम् (nandigrāmam) - the village of Nandigrama (Nandigrama (name of a village))

• ययौ (yayau) - went

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head

• आधाय (ādhāya) - having placed, having put

• पादुके (pāduke) - the two wooden sandals of Rama (two sandals)

Words meanings and morphology

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, situated in a chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, mounted on a chariot

Compound adjective formed from ratha and stha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose soul is righteousness; righteous, virtuous

Compound noun/adjective: dharma (righteousness) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a prince, Rama's brother)

भ्रातृवत्सलः (bhrātṛvatsalaḥ) - affectionate towards brothers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛvatsala

bhrātṛvatsala - fond of brothers, affectionate towards brothers

Compound adjective: bhrātṛ (brother) + vatsala (affectionate)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhrātṛ+vatsala)

• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)
• vatsala – affectionate, fond, loving
  adjective (masculine)

नन्दिग्रामम् (nandigrāmam) - the village of Nandigrama (Nandigrama (name of a village))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nandigrāma

nandigrāma - Nandigrama (a specific village)

Compound: nandi (joy/prosperity) + grāma (village)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nandi+grāma)

• nandi – joy, happiness, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
• grāma – village, hamlet
  noun (masculine)

ययौ (yayau) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √yā

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

Strong form of the root 'yā' in the perfect system.

Root: yā (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hurry). Used here adverbially in neuter accusative singular form.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

आधाय (ādhāya) - having placed, having put

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √dhā with prefix ā, followed by the suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

पादुके (pāduke) - the two wooden sandals of Rama (two sandals)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of pādukā

pādukā - sandal, shoe, wooden sandal