वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-107, verse-10

अग्रतो पुरवस्तत्र वसिष्ठ प्रमुखा द्विजाः ।
प्रययुः प्राङ्मुखाः सर्वे नन्दिग्रामो यतो ऽभवत् ॥१०॥

10. agrato puravastatra vasiṣṭha pramukhā dvijāḥ ,
prayayuḥ prāṅmukhāḥ sarve nandigrāmo yato'bhavat.

10. agrataḥ puravasaḥ tatra vasiṣṭhapramukhāḥ dvijāḥ
prayayuḥ prāṅmukhāḥ sarve nandigrāmaḥ yataḥ abhavat

10. agrataḥ tatra sarve puravasaḥ vasiṣṭhapramukhāḥ
dvijāḥ prāṅmukhāḥ prayayuḥ yataḥ nandigrāmaḥ abhavat

10. In front, all the citizens (puravasaḥ), along with the Brahmins (dvijāḥ) headed by Vasishtha (Vasiṣṭha), proceeded eastward to where Nandigrama was located.

Words meanings summery:

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before

• पुरवसः (puravasaḥ) - citizens, city dwellers

• तत्र (tatra) - there

• वसिष्ठप्रमुखाः (vasiṣṭhapramukhāḥ) - headed by Vasishtha, with Vasishtha as the chief

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins, twice-born

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they proceeded, went forth

• प्राङ्मुखाः (prāṅmukhāḥ) - facing east

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• नन्दिग्रामः (nandigrāmaḥ) - Nandigrama (name of a village)

• यतः (yataḥ) - from where, where

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, existed, occurred

Words meanings and morphology

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, before

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'agra' with suffix 'tasil'.

पुरवसः (puravasaḥ) - citizens, city dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puravasa

puravasa - dweller of a city, citizen

Compound of 'pura' (city) and 'vasa' (dweller, from root 'vas' to dwell).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pura+vasa)

• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vasa – dwelling, resident
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject.

तत्र (tatra) - there

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' with suffix 'tral'.

वसिष्ठप्रमुखाः (vasiṣṭhapramukhāḥ) - headed by Vasishtha, with Vasishtha as the chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vasiṣṭhapramukha

vasiṣṭhapramukha - headed by Vasishtha

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vasiṣṭha+pramukha)

• vasiṣṭha – a celebrated Vedic Rishi, pre-eminent
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: vas
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Compound of 'pra' and 'mukha'.
  Prefix: pra

Note: Qualifies 'dvijāḥ'.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - Brahmins, twice-born

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth)

Bahuvrihi compound: 'twice-born'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject, along with 'puravasaḥ'.

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they proceeded, went forth

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prayā

Perfect Tense

Perfect form of root 'yā' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: The main verb for the subjects 'puravasaḥ' and 'dvijāḥ'.

प्राङ्मुखाः (prāṅmukhāḥ) - facing east

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east

Bahuvrihi compound. 'prāṅc' (east) + 'mukha' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāṅc+mukha)

• prāṅc – eastern, facing east
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'puravasaḥ' and 'dvijāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'puravasaḥ' and 'dvijāḥ'.

नन्दिग्रामः (nandigrāmaḥ) - Nandigrama (name of a village)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nandigrāma

nandigrāma - name of a village (Nandigrama)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

यतः (yataḥ) - from where, where

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'yad' with suffix 'tasil'.

Note: Connects to 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, existed, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect form of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)