वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-107, verse-1

ततो निक्षिप्य मातॄः स अयोध्यायां दृढव्रतः ।
भरतः शोकसंतप्तो गुरूनिदमथाब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. tato nikṣipya mātṝḥ sa ayodhyāyāṃ dṛḍhavrataḥ ,
bharataḥ śokasaṃtapto gurūnidamathābravīt.

1. tataḥ nikṣipya mātṝḥ saḥ ayodhyāyām dṛḍhavrataḥ
bharataḥ śokasaṃtaptaḥ gurūn idam atha abravīt

1. tataḥ dṛḍhavrataḥ śokasaṃtaptaḥ saḥ bharataḥ
ayodhyāyām mātṝḥ nikṣipya idam atha gurūn abravīt

1. Then, after settling his mothers in Ayodhya, Bharata, steadfast in his vow and distressed by sorrow, spoke these words to his preceptors (guru).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - having placed (his mothers in safety) (having placed, having thrown down, having entrusted)

• मातॄः (mātṝḥ) - (his) mothers (mothers)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bharata) (he, that)

• अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhya (the city) (in Ayodhya)

• दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in resolve (to serve Rama) (firm in vow, steadfast, resolute)

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Rama's brother) (Bharata (proper name))

• शोकसंतप्तः (śokasaṁtaptaḥ) - distressed by sorrow (due to Rama's exile and Dasharatha's death) (afflicted by grief, distressed by sorrow)

• गुरून् (gurūn) - to his teachers/elders (e.g., Vasiṣṭha) (teachers, elders, preceptors)

• इदम् (idam) - this (which he was about to say) (this)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' with suffix 'tasil'

निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - having placed (his mothers in safety) (having placed, having thrown down, having entrusted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √kṣip (6P) 'to throw' with prefix ni, and suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: ni

Root: kṣip (class 6)

मातॄः (mātṝḥ) - (his) mothers (mothers)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

r-stem noun

Note: object of 'having placed'

सः (saḥ) - he (Bharata) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: refers to Bharata

अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhya (the city) (in Ayodhya)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhya (name of a city), unconquerable

Note: location for 'having placed'

दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in resolve (to serve Rama) (firm in vow, steadfast, resolute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhavrata

dṛḍhavrata - firm in resolve, steadfast in vow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dṛḍha+vrata)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dṛh (1P) 'to make firm'
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: epithet of Bharata

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (Rama's brother) (Bharata (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, brother of Rama), supporter, bearer

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: subject of 'spoke'

शोकसंतप्तः (śokasaṁtaptaḥ) - distressed by sorrow (due to Rama's exile and Dasharatha's death) (afflicted by grief, distressed by sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - afflicted by grief, tormented by sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtapta – heated, tormented, distressed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √tap (1P) 'to heat' with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: epithet of Bharata

गुरून् (gurūn) - to his teachers/elders (e.g., Vasiṣṭha) (teachers, elders, preceptors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, elder, heavy, important

u-stem noun

Note: direct object of 'spoke' (or dative with implied 'to')

इदम् (idam) - this (which he was about to say) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

demonstrative pronoun

Note: object of 'spoke'

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: indicates sequence of events

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect Active

From root √brū (2P/U) 'to speak'

Root: brū (class 2)