वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-107, verse-13

ततस्तु भरतः क्षिप्रं नन्दिग्रामं प्रविश्य सः ।
अवतीर्य रथात्तूर्णं गुरूनिदमुवाच ह ॥१३॥

13. tatastu bharataḥ kṣipraṃ nandigrāmaṃ praviśya saḥ ,
avatīrya rathāttūrṇaṃ gurūnidamuvāca ha.

13. tataḥ tu bharataḥ kṣipram nandigrāmam praviśya
saḥ avatīrya rathāt tūrṇam gurūn idam uvāca ha

13. tataḥ tu saḥ bharataḥ kṣipram nandigrāmam praviśya
rathāt tūrṇam avatīrya gurūn idam uvāca ha

13. Then, Bharata, having quickly entered Nandigrama and quickly descended from the chariot, said this to the venerable teachers (gurus).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (a proper name)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• नन्दिग्रामम् (nandigrāmam) - the village of Nandigrama (Nandigrama (name of a village))

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having gotten down

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• गुरून् (gurūn) - to the venerable teachers or preceptors (to the teachers, to the elders)

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech/statement) (this)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to 'tad'

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a prince, Rama's brother)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

नन्दिग्रामम् (nandigrāmam) - the village of Nandigrama (Nandigrama (name of a village))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nandigrāma

nandigrāma - Nandigrama (a specific village)

Compound: nandi (joy/prosperity) + grāma (village)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nandi+grāma)

• nandi – joy, happiness, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
• grāma – village, hamlet
  noun (masculine)

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √viś with prefix pra, followed by the suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having gotten down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √tṛ (to cross, pass) with prefixes ava and ut (ut → tīr).

Prefixes: ava+ut

Root: tṛ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hurry). Used here adverbially in neuter accusative singular form.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

गुरून् (gurūn) - to the venerable teachers or preceptors (to the teachers, to the elders)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy

इदम् (idam) - this (speech/statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

Irregular perfect form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)