वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-107, verse-11

बलं च तदनाहूतं गजाश्वरथसंकुलम् ।
प्रययौ भरते याते सर्वे च पुरवासिनः ॥११॥

11. balaṃ ca tadanāhūtaṃ gajāśvarathasaṃkulam ,
prayayau bharate yāte sarve ca puravāsinaḥ.

11. balam ca tad anāhūtam gajāśvarathasaṅkulam
prayayau bharate yāte sarve ca puravāsinaḥ

11. ca tad anāhūtam gajāśvarathasaṅkulam balam
prayayau ca bharate yāte sarve puravāsinaḥ

11. And that unsummoned army, bustling with elephants, horses, and chariots, also departed. Furthermore, when Bharata had set out, all the city dwellers (puravāsinaḥ) also followed.

Words meanings summery:

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

• च (ca) - and, also

• तद् (tad) - that

• अनाहूतम् (anāhūtam) - unsummoned, uncalled

• गजाश्वरथसङ्कुलम् (gajāśvarathasaṅkulam) - filled/crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - went forth, departed

• भरते (bharate) - Bharata, in the locative absolute construction (when Bharata)

• याते (yāte) - had gone, departed

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुरवासिनः (puravāsinaḥ) - city dwellers, citizens

Words meanings and morphology

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Note: Subject of 'prayayau'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects this sentence to the previous actions.

तद् (tad) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

अनाहूतम् (anāhūtam) - unsummoned, uncalled

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāhūta

anāhūta - uncalled, uninvited, unsummoned

Past Passive Participle

Negative compound (na + āhūta). Āhūta is from 'ā' + 'hvā' (to call).

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+āhūta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• āhūta – called, invited, summoned
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hvā' (to call) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hvā (class 1)

गजाश्वरथसङ्कुलम् (gajāśvarathasaṅkulam) - filled/crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gajāśvarathasaṅkula

gajāśvarathasaṅkula - crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots

Tatpurusha compound (gaja-aśva-ratha-saṅkula). Dvandva for gaja-aśva-ratha, then tatpurusha with saṅkula.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+aśva+ratha+saṅkula)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• saṅkula – crowded, filled, confused
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root 'kul' with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)

प्रययौ (prayayau) - went forth, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prayā

Perfect Tense

Perfect form of root 'yā' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb for 'balam'.

भरते (bharate) - Bharata, in the locative absolute construction (when Bharata)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - name of Rama's brother, one who carries/maintains

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

याते (yāte) - had gone, departed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yā' (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

पुरवासिनः (puravāsinaḥ) - city dwellers, citizens

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puravāsin

puravāsin - city dweller, citizen

Compound of 'pura' (city) and 'vāsin' (dweller, from root 'vas' to dwell).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pura+vāsin)

• pura – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, resident
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell) with suffix 'ṇini'.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject.