वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-49, verse-19

यदृच्छयैव गां प्राप्तौ देवलोकादिवामरौ ।
कथं पद्भ्यामिह प्राप्तौ किमर्थं कस्य वा मुने ॥१९॥

19. yadṛcchayaiva gāṃ prāptau devalokādivāmarau ,
kathaṃ padbhyāmiha prāptau kimarthaṃ kasya vā mune.

19. yādṛcchayā eva gām prāptau devalokāt iva amarau
katham padbhyām iha prāptau kimartham kasya vā mune

19. mune yādṛcchayā eva devalokāt iva amarau gām prāptau,
iha padbhyām katham prāptau,
kimartham vā kasya (putrau)

19. O sage, these two, who have arrived on earth by chance as if they were immortals from the divine realm—how did they come here on foot? And for what purpose, or whose (sons) are they?

Words meanings summery:

• यादृच्छया (yādṛcchayā) - by chance, by accident, spontaneously

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

• गाम् (gām) - to the earth

• प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - arrived, reached

• देवलोकात् (devalokāt) - from the divine world, from the realm of gods

• इव (iva) - as if, like

• अमरौ (amarau) - two immortals, two gods

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - by feet

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - arrived, reached

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose? why?

• कस्य (kasya) - whose? of what?

• वा (vā) - or

• मुने (mune) - Janaka addressing Viśvāmitra. (O sage!)

Words meanings and morphology

यादृच्छया (yādṛcchayā) - by chance, by accident, spontaneously

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yādṛcchā

yādṛcchā - chance, spontaneity, accidental occurrence, self-will

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

गाम् (gām) - to the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, earth, speech, ray of light

प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - arrived, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, gained

Past Passive Participle

From root `āp` (to obtain, reach) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Also fits accusative dual, but nominative aligns with 'amarau'.

देवलोकात् (devalokāt) - from the divine world, from the realm of gods

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of devaloka

devaloka - world of gods, heaven, divine realm

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+loka)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)

अमरौ (amarau) - two immortals, two gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of amara

amara - immortal, god, deity

`a` (not) + `mara` (mortal), nañ-tatpuruṣa compound. `mara` is derived from root `mṛ` (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

From `kim` (what) + suffix `-tham`.

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - by feet

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot, step

Irregular stem for `pād`.

Note: Also dative and ablative dual. Instrumental fits context.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - arrived, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, gained

Past Passive Participle

From root `āp` (to obtain, reach) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose? why?

(indeclinable)

Compound of `kim` (what) and `artha` (purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

कस्य (kasya) - whose? of what?

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Genitive singular of `kim`.

Note: Refers to the implied 'whose sons'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

मुने (mune) - Janaka addressing Viśvāmitra. (O sage!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer, saint

Root: man (class 8)