वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-49, verse-12

आसनेषु यथान्यायमुपविष्टान् समन्ततः ।
दृष्ट्वा स नृपतिस्तत्र विश्वामित्रमथाब्रवीत् ॥१२॥

12. āsaneṣu yathānyāyamupaviṣṭān samantataḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā sa nṛpatistatra viśvāmitramathābravīt.

12. āsaneṣu yathānyāyam upaviṣṭān samantataḥ dṛṣṭvā
saḥ nṛpatiḥ tatra viśvāmitram atha abravīt

12. saḥ nṛpatiḥ āsaneṣu yathānyāyam samantataḥ
upaviṣṭān dṛṣṭvā tatra viśvāmitram atha abravīt

12. Having seen everyone seated appropriately on their seats all around, that king (Janaka) then spoke to Viśvāmitra there.

Words meanings summery:

• आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - on their respective seats (on seats, in seats)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - in an appropriate and orderly manner (appropriately, duly, according to justice)

• उपविष्टान् (upaviṣṭān) - those who were seated (seated, sat down)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - surrounding (Viśvāmitra and the king) (all around, on all sides)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing (the assembled people) (having seen, after seeing)

• सः (saḥ) - that (King Janaka) (that, he)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - King Janaka (king, lord of men)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that situation, at that place (where Viśvāmitra was) (there, then)

• विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - the great sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra)

• अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, next, thereupon)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (to Viśvāmitra) (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

आसनेषु (āsaneṣu) - on their respective seats (on seats, in seats)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of āsana

āsana - sitting, seat, posture

From root ās (to sit) + ana suffix

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to the seats for the attendees.

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - in an appropriate and orderly manner (appropriately, duly, according to justice)

(indeclinable)

Avyayibhava compound of yathā (as, according to) and nyāya (justice, rule).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, like, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logical principle
  noun (masculine)

उपविष्टान् (upaviṣṭān) - those who were seated (seated, sat down)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, taken a seat, sitting

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix upa (near, down), and -ta suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'them' or 'people'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - surrounding (Viśvāmitra and the king) (all around, on all sides)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from samanta (all-sided) + -tas suffix.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing (the assembled people) (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (King Janaka) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to King Janaka.

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - King Janaka (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler (literally 'lord of men')

Compound of nṛ (man) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Reinforces 'saḥ' as referring to Janaka.

तत्र (tatra) - in that situation, at that place (where Viśvāmitra was) (there, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from tad (that)

Note: Refers to the location where Viśvāmitra was seated.

विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - the great sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - name of a famous sage (literally 'friend of all')

Compound of viśva (all) and mitra (friend).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal
  adjective
• mitra – friend, companion, sun (as a deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of the verb 'abravīt'.

अथ (atha) - then, subsequently (then, next, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (to Viśvāmitra) (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Augment 'a-' for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

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