वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-2, verse-13

ततः करुणवेदित्वादधर्मो ऽयमिति द्विजः ।
निशाम्य रुदतीं क्रौञ्चीमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१३॥

13. tataḥ karuṇaveditvādadharmo'yamiti dvijaḥ ,
niśāmya rudatīṃ krauñcīmidaṃ vacanamabravīt.

13. tataḥ karuṇaveditvāt adharmaḥ ayam iti dvijaḥ
niśāmya rudatīm krauñcīm idam vacanam abravīt

13. tataḥ karuṇaveditvāt ayam adharmaḥ iti dvijaḥ
rudatīm krauñcīm niśāmya idam vacanam abravīt

13. Then, due to his profound feeling of compassion (karuṇā), and thinking "this is unrighteousness (adharma)", the sage (dvija), after observing the crying female Krauñca, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• करुणवेदित्वात् (karuṇaveditvāt) - due to his profound feeling of compassion (from the state of knowing/feeling compassion)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• इति (iti) - thus, so; indicates direct speech or thought

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the sage (Vālmīki) (a Brahmin, a bird, a 'twice-born' being)

• निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed, having perceived, having heard

• रुदतीम् (rudatīm) - crying, weeping (fem. acc. sg.)

• क्रौञ्चीम् (krauñcīm) - the female Krauñca bird

• इदम् (idam) - this, these

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

करुणवेदित्वात् (karuṇaveditvāt) - due to his profound feeling of compassion (from the state of knowing/feeling compassion)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of karuṇaveditva

karuṇaveditva - the state of knowing or feeling compassion

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karuṇā+veditva)

• karuṇā – compassion, pity, tenderness
  noun (feminine)
• veditva – the state of being known, the state of knowing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vid (class 2)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, vice

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इति (iti) - thus, so; indicates direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the sage (Vālmīki) (a Brahmin, a bird, a 'twice-born' being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born; a bird; a Brahmin; a tooth

निशाम्य (niśāmya) - having observed, having perceived, having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from ni-√śam (to observe, perceive)

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

रुदतीम् (rudatīm) - crying, weeping (fem. acc. sg.)

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rudatī

rudatī - crying, weeping

Present Active Participle

from root rud (to cry, weep)

Root: rud (class 2)

क्रौञ्चीम् (krauñcīm) - the female Krauñca bird

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of krauñcī

krauñcī - a female Krauñca bird (curlew or heron)

इदम् (idam) - this, these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

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