वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-2, verse-20

भरद्वाजस्ततः शिष्यो विनीतः श्रुतवान् गुरोः ।
कलशं पूर्णमादाय पृष्ठतो ऽनुजगाम ह ॥२०॥

20. bharadvājastataḥ śiṣyo vinītaḥ śrutavān guroḥ ,
kalaśaṃ pūrṇamādāya pṛṣṭhato'nujagāma ha.

20. bharadvājaḥ tataḥ śiṣyaḥ vinītaḥ śrutavān guroḥ
| kalaśam pūrṇam ādāya pṛṣṭhataḥ anujagāma ha

20. tataḥ vinītaḥ guroḥ śrutavān śiṣyaḥ bharadvājaḥ
pūrṇam kalaśam ādāya pṛṣṭhataḥ ha anujagāma

20. Then the disciple Bharadvāja, humble and having received instructions from his guru, took a full pitcher and indeed followed him from behind.

Words meanings summery:

• भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - the disciple Bharadvāja (Bharadvāja (proper noun, name of a sage))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, from there, thereupon)

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - the disciple (Bharadvāja) (disciple, student)

• विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - humble, well-behaved (humble, well-behaved, modest, trained)

• श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - having heard (the teachings), learned (having heard, learned, famous)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - from the guru (from the guru, of the guru)

• कलशम् (kalaśam) - pitcher (pitcher, water-pot)

• पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full (of water) (full, complete, filled)

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, behind, at the back)

• अनुजगाम (anujagāma) - followed (the sage) (followed)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, verily (an emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - the disciple Bharadvāja (Bharadvāja (proper noun, name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvāja (name of a Vedic sage)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, from there, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - the disciple (Bharadvāja) (disciple, student)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student, pupil

Note: Appositive to 'bharadvājaḥ'.

विनीतः (vinītaḥ) - humble, well-behaved (humble, well-behaved, modest, trained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinīta

vinīta - humble, well-behaved, modest, trained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'nī' (to lead) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śiṣyaḥ'.

श्रुतवान् (śrutavān) - having heard (the teachings), learned (having heard, learned, famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutavat

śrutavat - having heard, learned, famous

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-vat'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'śiṣyaḥ'. Implies having received instructions or teachings.

गुरोः (guroḥ) - from the guru (from the guru, of the guru)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, (guru)

Note: Indicates the source from whom 'śrutavān' (heard).

कलशम् (kalaśam) - pitcher (pitcher, water-pot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kalaśa

kalaśa - pitcher, water-pot, jar

Note: Object of 'ādāya'.

पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full (of water) (full, complete, filled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pṛ' (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'kalaśam'.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with prefix

Derived from root 'dā' (to give, take) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

अनुजगाम (anujagāma) - followed (the sage) (followed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of anujagāma

Perfect

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, verily (an emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

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