वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-2, verse-12

तथा तु तं द्विजं दृष्ट्वा निषादेन निपातितम् ।
ऋषेर्धर्मात्मनस्तस्य कारुण्यं समपद्यत ॥१२॥

12. tathā tu taṃ dvijaṃ dṛṣṭvā niṣādena nipātitam ,
ṛṣerdharmātmanastasya kāruṇyaṃ samapadyata.

12. tathā tu tam dvijam dṛṣṭvā niṣādena nipātitam
ṛṣeḥ dharmātmanaḥ tasya kāruṇyam samapadyata

12. tu tathā ṛṣeḥ dharmātmanaḥ tasya niṣādena
nipātitam tam dvijam dṛṣṭvā kāruṇyam samapadyata

12. But in this way, seeing that bird (dvija) struck down by the hunter, compassion (kāruṇya) arose in that sage (ṛṣi) whose inner self (ātman) was devoted to natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तम् (tam) - that (male Krauñca) bird (that, him)

• द्विजम् (dvijam) - the (male Krauñca) bird (a bird, a Brahmin, a 'twice-born' being)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• निषादेन (niṣādena) - by the hunter

• निपातितम् (nipātitam) - struck down, felled, killed

• ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage, ascetic

• धर्मात्मनः (dharmātmanaḥ) - of the virtuous soul, whose nature is righteousness

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (sage) (of him, his; of that)

• कारुण्यम् (kāruṇyam) - compassion, pity, tenderness

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - arose, occurred, happened

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (male Krauñca) bird (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

द्विजम् (dvijam) - the (male Krauñca) bird (a bird, a Brahmin, a 'twice-born' being)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born; a bird; a Brahmin; a tooth

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निषादेन (niṣādena) - by the hunter

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niṣāda

niṣāda - a hunter, fowler; a low caste

निपातितम् (nipātitam) - struck down, felled, killed

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - caused to fall, struck down, felled

Past Passive Participle (causative)

from causative of ni-√pat (to fall down)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage, ascetic

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, ascetic, inspired poet

धर्मात्मनः (dharmātmanaḥ) - of the virtuous soul, whose nature is righteousness

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose soul (ātman) is virtue (dharma), virtuous-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (sage) (of him, his; of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कारुण्यम् (kāruṇyam) - compassion, pity, tenderness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāruṇya

kāruṇya - compassion, pity, tenderness

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - arose, occurred, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of samāpad

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

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