वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-2, verse-4

स तु तीरं समासाद्य तमसाया महामुनिः ।
शिष्यमाह स्थितं पार्श्वे दृष्ट्वा तीर्थमकर्दमम् ॥४॥

4. sa tu tīraṃ samāsādya tamasāyā mahāmuniḥ ,
śiṣyamāha sthitaṃ pārśve dṛṣṭvā tīrthamakardamam.

4. saḥ tu tīram samāsādya tamasāyāḥ mahāmuniḥ śiṣyam
āha sthitam pārśve dṛṣṭvā tīrtham akardamam

4. saḥ tu mahāmuniḥ tamasāyāḥ tīram samāsādya pārśve
sthitam śiṣyam akardamam tīrtham dṛṣṭvā āha

4. Having reached the bank of the Tamasa, that great sage, seeing a clear (mud-free) bathing spot, spoke to his disciple who was standing beside him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

• तीरम् (tīram) - bank, shore, edge

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having attained, having approached

• तमसायाः (tamasāyāḥ) - of the Tamasa river

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - The great sage Valmiki (great sage, great ascetic)

• शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - disciple, student

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, being

• पार्श्वे (pārśve) - by the side, near, beside

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - ford, bathing place, sacred place

• अकर्दमम् (akardamam) - mud-free, clear, pure

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Valmiki.

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तीरम् (tīram) - bank, shore, edge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīra

tīra - bank, shore, edge, margin

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having attained, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root sad (to sit, approach) with prefixes sam- and ā- and -ya suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तमसायाः (tamasāyāḥ) - of the Tamasa river

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tamasā

tamasā - Tamasa (name of a river)

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - The great sage Valmiki (great sage, great ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic, a distinguished holy man

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)

शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - disciple, student

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student, pupil

Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)

Potentially derived from root śās (to teach, instruct) with -ya suffix, meaning 'one to be taught'.

Root: śās (class 2)

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of brū

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Perfect 3rd person singular active (defective verb with irregular forms).

Root: brū (class 2)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, being

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, remaining, being, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with -ta suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śiṣyam'.

पार्श्वे (pārśve) - by the side, near, beside

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pārśva

pārśva - side, flank, vicinity

Note: Can function adverbially.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with -tvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - ford, bathing place, sacred place

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīrtha

tīrtha - ford, bathing place, sacred place, holy place, shrine

अकर्दमम् (akardamam) - mud-free, clear, pure

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akardama

akardama - mud-free, free from dirt, pure, clear

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (a+kardama)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• kardama – mud, mire, dirt
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'tīrtham'.