वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-18, verse-18

नात्येति कालो यज्ञस्य यथायं मम राघव ।
तथा कुरुष्व भद्रं ते मा च शोके मनः कृथाः ॥१८॥

18. nātyeti kālo yajñasya yathāyaṃ mama rāghava ,
tathā kuruṣva bhadraṃ te mā ca śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ.

18. na atyeti kālaḥ yajñasya yathā ayam mama rāghava
tathā kuruṣva bhadram te mā ca śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ

18. rāghava yathā ayam mama yajñasya kālaḥ na atyeti
tathā kuruṣva te bhadram ca śoke manaḥ mā kṛthāḥ

18. O Raghava, the time for this Vedic ritual (yajña) of mine is not to be exceeded. Therefore, act accordingly. May well-being be yours, and do not let your mind dwell in sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्येति (atyeti) - is not to be delayed/exceeded, is pressing (passes away, goes beyond, exceeds)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, opportune moment

• यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the Vedic ritual (yajña), of the sacrifice

• यथा (yathā) - in a way that, such that (implying urgency or condition) (as, just as, in the manner that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• राघव (rāghava) - O Daśaratha (addressed by Viśvāmitra) (O descendant of Raghu)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, accordingly

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform, make, accomplish

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - welfare, well-being, auspiciousness, good

• ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, of you)

• मा (mā) - not, do not

• च (ca) - and, also

• शोके (śoke) - in sorrow, in grief

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, thought, intention

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should place your mind (in sorrow) (you should do, you should make, you should place)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to negate the verb 'atyeti'.

अत्येति (atyeti) - is not to be delayed/exceeded, is pressing (passes away, goes beyond, exceeds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √i

present

present 3rd singular Parasmaipada of ati-√i

Prefix: ati

Root: √i (class 2)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, opportune moment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, proper time

Note: Subject of 'atyeti'.

यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the Vedic ritual (yajña), of the sacrifice

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, offering, worship (yajña)

from root √yaj (to worship, offer)

Root: √yaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kālaḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - in a way that, such that (implying urgency or condition) (as, just as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Refers to 'kālaḥ'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Note: Possessive, refers to the speaker (Viśvāmitra).

राघव (rāghava) - O Daśaratha (addressed by Viśvāmitra) (O descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rama or Daśaratha)

derived from Raghu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, accordingly

(indeclinable)

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform, make, accomplish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √kṛ

imperative

imperative 2nd singular Ātmanepada

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Addressed to Daśaratha.

भद्रम् (bhadram) - welfare, well-being, auspiciousness, good

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, blessed, good, excellent (adjective); welfare, auspiciousness, blessing (noun)

ते (te) - for you (to you, for you, of you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

Note: Used here with 'bhadram' to mean 'welfare for you'.

मा (mā) - not, do not

(indeclinable)

Used with aorist for prohibition

Note: Used to negate the aorist verb 'kṛthāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two injunctions ('kuruṣva' and 'mā kṛthāḥ').

शोके (śoke) - in sorrow, in grief

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

from root √śuc (to sorrow, mourn)

Root: √śuc (class 1)

Note: Locative of place where the mind is placed.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, thought, intention

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, thought, intention

Note: Object of 'kṛthāḥ' (to place the mind).

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should place your mind (in sorrow) (you should do, you should make, you should place)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (prohibitive) (luṅ) of √kṛ

aorist

aorist 2nd singular Ātmanepada, used with prohibitory particle 'mā'

Root: √kṛ (class 8)