वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-11, verse-20

ततो द्विजास्ते धर्मज्ञमस्तुवन्पार्थिवर्षभम् ।
अनुज्ञातास्ततः सर्वे पुनर्जग्मुर्यथागतम् ॥२०॥

20. tato dvijāste dharmajñamastuvanpārthivarṣabham ,
anujñātāstataḥ sarve punarjagmuryathāgatam.

20. tataḥ dvijāḥ te dharmajñam astuvan pārthivarṣabham
anujñātāḥ tataḥ sarve punaḥ jagmuḥ yathāgatam

20. tataḥ te dvijāḥ dharmajñam pārthivarṣabham astuvan
tataḥ anujñātāḥ sarve punaḥ yathāgatam jagmuḥ

20. Then those Brahmins (dvija), having been permitted, praised the king, who knew the (natural) law (dharma), and all of them returned as they had come.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (then, thence, afterwards)

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - those Brahmins (Brahmins, twice-born (men))

• ते (te) - those (Brahmins) (they, those)

• धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - the king, who knew the (natural) law (dharma) (one who knows dharma/law/virtue)

• अस्तुवन् (astuvan) - they praised (they praised, they eulogized)

• पार्थिवर्षभम् (pārthivarṣabham) - the king (lit. bull among kings) (the best of kings, the foremost ruler)

• अनुज्ञाताः (anujñātāḥ) - having been permitted (permitted, allowed, sanctioned, having received permission)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thence, afterwards)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the Brahmins) (all, every)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - back, again (again, back, anew)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they returned (they went, they departed)

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as they had come (as they came, as arrived, as before)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronominal stem ta + tas suffix.

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - those Brahmins (Brahmins, twice-born (men))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas), Brahmin, bird, tooth

From dvi (twice) + root jan (to be born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+janman)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of astuvan and jagmuḥ.

ते (te) - those (Brahmins) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to dvijāḥ.

धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - the king, who knew the (natural) law (dharma) (one who knows dharma/law/virtue)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing the law, skilled in justice, virtuous, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, skilled in, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of astuvan.

अस्तुवन् (astuvan) - they praised (they praised, they eulogized)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of stu

Root stu (2nd class), imperfect tense.

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: The ending van indicates 3rd person plural, active voice, imperfect tense.

पार्थिवर्षभम् (pārthivarṣabham) - the king (lit. bull among kings) (the best of kings, the foremost ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārthivarṣabha

pārthivarṣabha - chief of kings, best of kings, foremost among rulers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+ṛṣabha)

• pārthiva – earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth, king, ruler
  adjective (masculine)
  From pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix.
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, eminent, best, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of astuvan.

अनुज्ञाताः (anujñātāḥ) - having been permitted (permitted, allowed, sanctioned, having received permission)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, approved

Past Passive Participle

From anu + root jñā (to know, perceive, command) + kta suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a predicate or a modifier, describing the state of the Brahmins.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronominal stem ta + tas suffix.

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (the Brahmins) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

पुनः (punaḥ) - back, again (again, back, anew)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies jagmuḥ.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they returned (they went, they departed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Root gam (1st class), perfect tense.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The ending uḥ indicates 3rd person plural, perfect tense, active voice.

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as they had come (as they came, as arrived, as before)

(indeclinable)

yathā + āgata.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner, according as
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, returned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā + root gam (to go) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies jagmuḥ.

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