मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-55, verse-23
तस्मात् स्वर्गापवर्गौ च मानुष्यनारकावपि ।
तिर्यक्त्वमथवाप्यन्यत् नरः प्राप्नोति वै द्विज ॥२३॥
तिर्यक्त्वमथवाप्यन्यत् नरः प्राप्नोति वै द्विज ॥२३॥
23. tasmāt svargāpavargau ca mānuṣyanārakāvapi .
tiryaktvamathavāpyanyat naraḥ prāpnoti vai dvija.
tiryaktvamathavāpyanyat naraḥ prāpnoti vai dvija.
23.
tasmāt svargāpavargau ca mānuṣyanārakau api
tiryaktvam athavā api anyat naraḥ prāpnoti vai dvija
tiryaktvam athavā api anyat naraḥ prāpnoti vai dvija
23.
Therefore, O twice-born (dvija), it is from that (region) that a person (nara) indeed attains both heavenly abodes (svarga) and final liberation (mokṣa), as well as human (mānuṣya) and hellish (nāraka) existences, or the state of animals (tiryaktva), or any other (state).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that (region/reason) (from that, therefore, on that account)
- स्वर्गापवर्गौ (svargāpavargau) - both heaven (svarga) and final liberation (mokṣa) (heaven and liberation)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- मानुष्यनारकौ (mānuṣyanārakau) - both the human (mānuṣya) and hellish (nāraka) states (human and hellish (states))
- अपि (api) - as well as, and also (also, even, too)
- तिर्यक्त्वम् (tiryaktvam) - the state of animals (animality, animal state)
- अथवा (athavā) - or (or, otherwise)
- अपि (api) - and also (also, even, too)
- अन्यत् (anyat) - any other (state) (another, other, different)
- नरः (naraḥ) - a person, human being (man, person, human being)
- प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains (obtains, attains, reaches)
- वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, certainly, verily)
- द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (dvija), referring to the listener (O twice-born, O Brahmin)
Words meanings and morphology
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that (region/reason) (from that, therefore, on that account)
(indeclinable)
ablative singular of 'tad'
स्वर्गापवर्गौ (svargāpavargau) - both heaven (svarga) and final liberation (mokṣa) (heaven and liberation)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of svargāpavarga
svargāpavarga - heaven and liberation
dvandva compound
Compound type : dvandva (svarga+apavarga)
- svarga – heaven, celestial abode
noun (masculine) - apavarga – final liberation (mokṣa), completion, end
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
मानुष्यनारकौ (mānuṣyanārakau) - both the human (mānuṣya) and hellish (nāraka) states (human and hellish (states))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of mānuṣyanāraka
mānuṣyanāraka - human and hellish
dvandva compound
Compound type : dvandva (mānuṣya+nāraka)
- mānuṣya – humanity, human state
noun (neuter) - nāraka – hellish state, hell
noun (neuter)
Note: masculine due to dvandva rules (often takes the gender of the last member if it's masculine, or can be masculine general for states/beings)
अपि (api) - as well as, and also (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
तिर्यक्त्वम् (tiryaktvam) - the state of animals (animality, animal state)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tiryaktva
tiryaktva - animality, animal state, being an animal
from 'tiryac' (animal) + 'tva' (abstract noun suffix)
अथवा (athavā) - or (or, otherwise)
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - and also (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
अन्यत् (anyat) - any other (state) (another, other, different)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different, distinct
नरः (naraḥ) - a person, human being (man, person, human being)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person, human being, male
Root: nṛ
प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains (obtains, attains, reaches)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp
Present Active Indicative
from root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, certainly, verily)
(indeclinable)
द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (dvija), referring to the listener (O twice-born, O Brahmin)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake, tooth
from 'dvi' (two) + root 'jan' (to be born)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
derived from root 'jan' (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)