महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-49, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिंस्तु निहते वीरे सौभद्रे रथयूथपे ।
विमुक्तरथसंनाहाः सर्वे निक्षिप्तकार्मुकाः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasmiṁstu nihate vīre saubhadre rathayūthape ,
vimuktarathasaṁnāhāḥ sarve nikṣiptakārmukāḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca | tasmin tu nihate vīre saubhadre
rathayūthape | vimuktarathasaṃnāhāḥ sarve nikṣiptakārmukāḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tu tasmin vīre rathayūthape saubhadre nihate,
sarve vimuktarathasaṃnāhāḥ nikṣiptakārmukāḥ

1. Sanjaya said: But when that valiant leader of charioteers, Abhimanyu (Saubhadra), was killed, all of them, having abandoned their chariots and armor, and having cast aside their bows,

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him, in that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• निहते (nihate) - when killed, slain

• वीरे (vīre) - in the valiant one, in the hero

• सौभद्रे (saubhadre) - in the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu)

• रथयूथपे (rathayūthape) - in the leader of the charioteers

• विमुक्तरथसंनाहाः (vimuktarathasaṁnāhāḥ) - who had abandoned their chariots and armor

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• निक्षिप्तकार्मुकाः (nikṣiptakārmukāḥ) - who had cast aside their bows

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect form of verb √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

निहते (nihate) - when killed, slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

वीरे (vīre) - in the valiant one, in the hero

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, valiant, brave man

सौभद्रे (saubhadre) - in the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu)

Patronymic from Subhadrā

रथयूथपे (rathayūthape) - in the leader of the charioteers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathayūthapa

rathayūthapa - leader of charioteers

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+yūthapa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a troop/herd
  noun (masculine)

विमुक्तरथसंनाहाः (vimuktarathasaṁnāhāḥ) - who had abandoned their chariots and armor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimuktarathasaṃnāha

vimuktarathasaṁnāha - who had abandoned chariots and armor

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vimukta+ratha+saṃnāha)

• vimukta – released, abandoned, cast off
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √muc with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: muc (class 6)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• saṃnāha – armor, equipment, preparation
  noun (masculine)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

निक्षिप्तकार्मुकाः (nikṣiptakārmukāḥ) - who had cast aside their bows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nikṣiptakārmuka

nikṣiptakārmuka - who had cast aside their bows

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nikṣipta+kārmuka)

• nikṣipta – thrown down, cast aside
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṣip with prefix ni-
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kṣip (class 6)
• kārmuka – bow (made of kārmuka wood)
  noun (neuter)