महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-41, verse-4

अभ्यद्रवन्परीप्सन्तो व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः ।
तान्दृष्ट्वा द्रवतः शूरांस्त्वदीया विमुखाभवन् ॥४॥

4. abhyadravanparīpsanto vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ ,
tāndṛṣṭvā dravataḥ śūrāṁstvadīyā vimukhābhavan.

4. abhi adravan parīpsantaḥ vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ
tān dṛṣṭvā dravataḥ śūrān tvadīyāḥ vimukhāḥ abhavan

4. parīpsantaḥ vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ abhi adravan
tvadīyāḥ tān dravataḥ śūrān dṛṣṭvā vimukhāḥ abhavan

4. The attackers, their ranks arrayed and intent on protecting (their own), rushed forth. Seeing those brave warriors in flight, your men turned away (i.e., retreated).

Words meanings summery:

• अभि (abhi) - towards, forward (towards, against, to)

• अद्रवन् (adravan) - rushed forth (rushed, ran)

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - intent on protecting (their own forces) (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

• व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with their ranks arrayed (with arrayed armies/ranks, having drawn up forces)

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - the attackers (Pandava warriors) (attackers, assailants, warriors)

• तान् (tān) - those (brave ones/warriors) (those, them)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing (having seen)

• द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing (running, fleeing, moving quickly)

• शूरान् (śūrān) - those brave warriors (brave ones, heroes, warriors)

• त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your men (Dhritarashtra's forces) (your (men/people), belonging to you)

• विमुखाः (vimukhāḥ) - turned away (in retreat/disheartened) (turned away, disheartened, dispirited)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - became, turned (became, were)

Words meanings and morphology

अभि (abhi) - towards, forward (towards, against, to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preverb for 'adravan'.

अद्रवन् (adravan) - rushed forth (rushed, ran)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural.

L-aṅ. From root dru.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'prahāriṇaḥ' (and others implicitly from prev verse).

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - intent on protecting (their own forces) (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to protect, wishing to preserve

Desiderative Present Active Participle

From desiderative stem of pā (to protect) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the subjects of 'adravan'.

व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with their ranks arrayed (with arrayed armies/ranks, having drawn up forces)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyūḍhānīka

vyūḍhānīka - having drawn up forces, with arrayed ranks

Bahuvrīhi compound: vyūḍha (arrayed) + anīka (army/rank).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arrayed, arranged, extended
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vah (to carry, lead) with prefix vi + ud.
  Prefixes: vi+ud
  Root: vah (class 1)
• anīka – army, host, front of an army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the subjects of 'adravan'.

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - the attackers (Pandava warriors) (attackers, assailants, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striking, assaulting, an assailant, a warrior

From pra + hṛ (to strike) + in suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'adravan'.

तान् (tān) - those (brave ones/warriors) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā' and qualifies 'śūrān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) + ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing (running, fleeing, moving quickly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, flowing, fleeing

Present Active Participle

From root dru (to run, flow) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śūrān'.

शूरान् (śūrān) - those brave warriors (brave ones, heroes, warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic; a hero, warrior

Root: śūr (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā', qualified by 'dravataḥ'.

त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your men (Dhritarashtra's forces) (your (men/people), belonging to you)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - thine, yours, belonging to you

Taddhita derivation from tvad (you).

Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.

विमुखाः (vimukhāḥ) - turned away (in retreat/disheartened) (turned away, disheartened, dispirited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimukha

vimukha - having the face turned away, averted; unwilling, disheartened, disappointed

Bahuvrīhi compound: vi (away) + mukha (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation.
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'tvadīyāḥ'.

अभवन् (abhavan) - became, turned (became, were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural.

L-aṅ. From root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Its subject is 'tvadīyāḥ'.