महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-37, verse-20

मृदुर्भूत्वा महाराज दारुणः समपद्यत ।
वर्षाभ्यतीतो भगवाञ्शरदीव दिवाकरः ॥२०॥

20. mṛdurbhūtvā mahārāja dāruṇaḥ samapadyata ,
varṣābhyatīto bhagavāñśaradīva divākaraḥ.

20. mṛduḥ bhūtvā mahārāja dāruṇaḥ samapadyata
varṣābhyatītaḥ bhagavān śaradī iva divākaraḥ

20. mahārāja mṛduḥ bhūtvā dāruṇaḥ samapadyata
varṣābhyatītaḥ bhagavān divākaraḥ śaradī iva

20. O great king, he, having been gentle, became fierce, just like the revered sun becomes in autumn after the rainy season has passed.

Words meanings summery:

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle (soft, gentle, mild)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been (having become, having been)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative address) (O great king)

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - fierce (terrible, fierce, dreadful)

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - he became (he became, he attained)

• वर्षाभ्यतीतः (varṣābhyatītaḥ) - having passed the rainy season

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered (used as an epithet for the sun) (revered, illustrious, glorious)

• शरदी (śaradī) - in autumn

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (the sun (day-maker))

Words meanings and morphology

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle (soft, gentle, mild)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender

Note: Refers to the subject of the verb 'samapadyata'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been (having become, having been)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Adverbial participle.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative address) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Directly addressing a king.

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - fierce (terrible, fierce, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, fierce, harsh

Note: Predicative adjective to the subject of 'samapadyata'.

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - he became (he became, he attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (luṅ) of pad

Imperfect tense, middle voice

From root 'pad' with prefix 'sam'. Augment 'a-' for imperfect.

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the transformation of the subject.

वर्षाभ्यतीतः (varṣābhyatītaḥ) - having passed the rainy season

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṣābhyatīta

varṣābhyatīta - one for whom the rainy season has passed, having passed the rains

Past Passive Participle compound

Compound of 'varṣā' (rainy season) and 'abhyatīta' (passed, gone over, from 'abhi' + 'ati' + root 'i').

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (varṣā+abhyatīta)

• varṣā – rainy season, rain
  noun (feminine)
• abhyatīta – passed over, gone beyond
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ati'.
  Prefixes: abhi+ati
  Root: i (class 2)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered (used as an epithet for the sun) (revered, illustrious, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, fortunate, divine, revered, illustrious

Derived from 'bhaga' (fortune, excellence) with the possessive suffix 'vat'.

शरदी (śaradī) - in autumn

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn

Note: Indicates time or state.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (the sun (day-maker))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - the sun (literally 'day-maker')

Compound of 'divā' (by day) and 'kara' (maker, from root 'kṛ').

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, during the day
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doer, causing
  adjective
  agent noun
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with a kṛt affix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (becomes).