महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-37, verse-13

तांस्तथा ब्रुवतो दृष्ट्वा सौभद्रः प्रहसन्निव ।
यो यः स्म प्राहरत्पूर्वं तं तं विव्याध पत्रिभिः ॥१३॥

13. tāṁstathā bruvato dṛṣṭvā saubhadraḥ prahasanniva ,
yo yaḥ sma prāharatpūrvaṁ taṁ taṁ vivyādha patribhiḥ.

13. tān tathā bruvataḥ dṛṣṭvā saubhadraḥ prahasan iva yaḥ
yaḥ sma prāharat pūrvam tam tam vivyādha patribhiḥ

13. saubhadraḥ tān tathā bruvataḥ dṛṣṭvā prahasan iva,
yaḥ yaḥ pūrvam prāharat sma,
tam tam patribhiḥ vivyādha

13. Seeing them speaking thus, Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra, as if laughing, pierced with arrows each one of them who had attacked him first.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - speaking

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra (the son of Subhadra)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

• प्राहरत् (prāharat) - struck, attacked

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, previously

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• पत्रिभिः (patribhiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Object of the participial phrase 'tathā bruvataḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'tad' (that).

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - speaking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying, uttering

Present Active Participle

From root 'brū' (to speak, say) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सौभद्रः (saubhadraḥ) - Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra (the son of Subhadra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu)

'aṇ' patronymic suffix from 'Subhadrā'.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling, making fun of

Present Active Participle

From root 'has' (to laugh) with prefix 'pra' and 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison or similarity.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Reduplicated.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Reduplicated.

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

Enclitic particle.

प्राहरत् (prāharat) - struck, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-hṛ

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root 'hṛ' (to carry, seize, here: strike) with prefix 'pra'. 'hṛ' is usually class 1 or 3, here class 1 is common for 'prahṛ' meaning 'strike'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, previously

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'pūrva', used adverbially.

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Correlative pronoun to 'yad'.

Note: Reduplicated.

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Correlative pronoun to 'yad'.

Note: Reduplicated.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root 'vyadh' (to pierce, strike) with reduplication for perfect tense.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

पत्रिभिः (patribhiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patri

patri - arrow, winged shaft

From 'patra' (wing, feather) + 'i' (suffix), literally meaning 'winged'.

Note: Instrument of the action 'vivyādha'.

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