महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-37, verse-12

ज्यातलत्रस्वनैरन्ये गर्जन्तोऽर्जुननन्दनम् ।
ब्रुवन्तश्च न नो जीवन्मोक्ष्यसे जीवतामिति ॥१२॥

12. jyātalatrasvanairanye garjanto'rjunanandanam ,
bruvantaśca na no jīvanmokṣyase jīvatāmiti.

12. jyātalatrasvanaiḥ anye garjantaḥ arjunanandanam
bruvantaḥ ca na naḥ jīvan mokṣyase jīvatā iti

12. anye jyātalatrasvanaiḥ garjantaḥ ca arjunanandanam
bruvantaḥ iti "na naḥ jīvan mokṣyase jīvatā"

12. Others, roaring with the twang of bowstrings and the slap of protective handguards, said to Abhimanyu, Arjuna's son, "You will not escape from us alive!"

Words meanings summery:

• ज्यातलत्रस्वनैः (jyātalatrasvanaiḥ) - with the sounds of bowstrings and glove slaps/handguards

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - roaring, thundering

• अर्जुननन्दनम् (arjunanandanam) - to Abhimanyu, Arjuna's son (to Arjuna's son)

• ब्रुवन्तः (bruvantaḥ) - speaking, saying

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, no

• नः (naḥ) - from us

• जीवन् (jīvan) - alive, living

• मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will escape, you will be liberated

• जीवता (jīvatā) - alive, while living

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्यातलत्रस्वनैः (jyātalatrasvanaiḥ) - with the sounds of bowstrings and glove slaps/handguards

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jyātalatrasvana

jyātalatrasvana - sound of bowstring and 'talatra' (glove/guard)

A Tatpurusha compound where 'jyātalatra' (bowstring and handguard - Dvandva compound) is compounded with 'svana' (sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jyā+talatra+svana)

• jyā – bowstring, chord
  noun (feminine)
• talatra – leather glove, arm-guard
  noun (neuter)
  From 'tala' (palm) + 'tra' (suffix for instrument/protection).
• svana – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'svan' (to sound).
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sounds made by stretching the bowstring and slapping the handguard.

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - roaring, thundering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of garjat

garjat - roaring, thundering, making a loud noise

Present Active Participle

From root 'garj' (to roar) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: garj (class 1)

अर्जुननन्दनम् (arjunanandanam) - to Abhimanyu, Arjuna's son (to Arjuna's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjunanandana

arjunanandana - son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu

Tatpurusha compound: 'arjuna' (Arjuna) + 'nandana' (son, rejoicer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arjuna+nandana)

• arjuna – Arjuna (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child; causing joy
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nand' (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'bruvantaḥ'.

ब्रुवन्तः (bruvantaḥ) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying, uttering

Present Active Participle

From root 'brū' (to speak, say) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'mokṣyase'.

नः (naḥ) - from us

(pronoun)

Ablative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Dative/Genitive/Ablative plural enclitic form of 'asmad'.

Note: Enclitic pronoun.

जीवन् (jīvan) - alive, living

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root 'jīv' (to live) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially or as a predicative adjective.

मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will escape, you will be liberated

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of mokṣ

Future tense, middle voice, 2nd person singular

From desiderative root 'muc' (to release) + 'sa' suffix + 'ī' + middle endings. Root 'muc' + 'san' becomes 'mokṣa', then conjugated in future.

Root: muc (class 6)

जीवता (jīvatā) - alive, while living

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root 'jīv' (to live) with 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use, meaning 'while living' or 'in a living state'.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

Quotative particle.