महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-76, verse-15

अधर्मेण जितान्दृष्ट्वा वने प्रव्रजितांस्तथा ।
वध्यतां मम वार्ष्णेय निर्गतोऽसौ सुयोधनः ॥१५॥

15. adharmeṇa jitāndṛṣṭvā vane pravrajitāṁstathā ,
vadhyatāṁ mama vārṣṇeya nirgato'sau suyodhanaḥ.

15. adharmeṇa jitān dṛṣṭvā vane pravrajitān tathā
vadhyatām mama vārṣṇeya nirgataḥ asau suyodhanaḥ

15. Having seen them defeated by unrighteousness (adharma) and thus exiled to the forest, O Vārṣṇeya, let that Suyodhana, who has escaped, be killed by me.

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice (adharma)

• जितान् (jitān) - referring to the Pāṇḍavas (conquered, defeated)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• प्रव्रजितान् (pravrajitān) - referring to the Pāṇḍavas' exile in the forest (gone into exile, renunciants)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, and also, similarly

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - let him be killed

• मम (mama) - indicates the agent in a passive construction (by me, my)

• वार्ष्णेय (vārṣṇeya) - O Vārṣṇeya (Krishna)

• निर्गतः (nirgataḥ) - escaped, departed, gone out

• असौ (asau) - he, that one

• सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness, by injustice (adharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, not natural law (adharma)

Compound: a- (not) + dharma (natural law).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

जितान् (jitān) - referring to the Pāṇḍavas (conquered, defeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, defeated, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root ji (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

प्रव्रजितान् (pravrajitān) - referring to the Pāṇḍavas' exile in the forest (gone into exile, renunciants)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pravrajita

pravrajita - gone forth, gone into exile, become a wandering ascetic/renunciant

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vraj (to go), with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, and also, similarly

(indeclinable)

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - let him be killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lot) of vadh

Root: vadh (class 1)

मम (mama) - indicates the agent in a passive construction (by me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Used here as an agent with the passive imperative 'vadhyatām'.

वार्ष्णेय (vārṣṇeya) - O Vārṣṇeya (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi, an epithet of Krishna

Patronymic from Vṛṣṇi.

निर्गतः (nirgataḥ) - escaped, departed, gone out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirgata

nirgata - gone out, departed, escaped, issued forth

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root gam (to go) with prefix nis-.

Prefix: nis

Root: gam (class 1)

असौ (asau) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

सुयोधनः (suyodhanaḥ) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - good warrior (euphemistic name for Duryodhana), Duryodhana

A name meaning 'good warrior', often used ironically or as an alternative for Duryodhana (hard to fight).