महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-76, verse-18

जानासि हि यथा तेन द्रौपदी पापबुद्धिना ।
परिक्लिष्टा सभामध्ये तच्च तस्यापि मर्षितम् ॥१८॥

18. jānāsi hi yathā tena draupadī pāpabuddhinā ,
parikliṣṭā sabhāmadhye tacca tasyāpi marṣitam.

18. jānāsi hi yathā tena draupadī pāpabuddhinā
parikliṣṭā sabhāmadhye tat ca tasya api marṣitam

18. For you know how Draupadi was tormented in the midst of the assembly by that evil-minded one, and how even that (act) was tolerated by him (Yudhiṣṭhira).

Words meanings summery:

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know (you know, you understand)

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, for, surely)

• यथा (yathā) - how, as (as, just as, in which manner)

• तेन (tena) - by that (evil-minded one, i.e., Duryodhana) (by him, by that)

• द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadi

• पापबुद्धिना (pāpabuddhinā) - by the evil-minded one (Duryodhana) (by the evil-minded, by the wicked-minded)

• परिक्लिष्टा (parikliṣṭā) - tormented (tormented, distressed, oppressed)

• सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the midst of the assembly (in the midst of the assembly, in the assembly hall)

• तत् (tat) - that (act of tormenting) (that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तस्य (tasya) - by him (Yudhiṣṭhira, implying his inaction) (his, of him)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• मर्षितम् (marṣitam) - tolerated, endured (tolerated, endured, forgiven, borne)

Words meanings and morphology

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know (you know, you understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

present indicative

2nd person singular, active voice, present tense

Root: jñā (class 9)

हि (hi) - for (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - how, as (as, just as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that (evil-minded one, i.e., Duryodhana) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadi

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadi (daughter of Drupada)

पापबुद्धिना (pāpabuddhinā) - by the evil-minded one (Duryodhana) (by the evil-minded, by the wicked-minded)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpabuddhi

pāpabuddhi - evil-minded, wicked-minded, having a sinful intellect

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+buddhi)

• pāpa – evil, sinful, bad
  noun (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, mind, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Used here as a substantive, referring to Duryodhana.

परिक्लिष्टा (parikliṣṭā) - tormented (tormented, distressed, oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parikliṣṭa

parikliṣṭa - tormented, distressed, oppressed, afflicted

past passive participle

formed from pari-√kliś (to distress)

Prefix: pari

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Past passive participle acting as an adjective for Draupadi.

सभामध्ये (sabhāmadhye) - in the midst of the assembly (in the midst of the assembly, in the assembly hall)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sabhāmadhya

sabhāmadhya - the middle of an assembly, in the assembly hall

Compound type : tatpurusha (sabhā+madhya)

• sabhā – assembly, council, hall
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun (neuter)

तत् (tat) - that (act of tormenting) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - by him (Yudhiṣṭhira, implying his inaction) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive is often used with passive participles to indicate the agent, similar to instrumental. Here, it refers to the person who tolerated the act.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

मर्षितम् (marṣitam) - tolerated, endured (tolerated, endured, forgiven, borne)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of marṣita

marṣita - tolerated, endured, forgiven, borne, allowed

past passive participle

formed from √mṛṣ (to tolerate, endure)

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle acting as the predicate of the implied verb 'to be'.