महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-73, verse-20

तवैषा विकृता बुद्धिर्गवां वागिव मानुषी ।
मनांसि पाण्डुपुत्राणां मज्जयत्यप्लवानिव ॥२०॥

20. tavaiṣā vikṛtā buddhirgavāṁ vāgiva mānuṣī ,
manāṁsi pāṇḍuputrāṇāṁ majjayatyaplavāniva.

20. tava eṣā vikṛtā buddhiḥ gavām vāk iva mānuṣī
manāṃsi pāṇḍuputrāṇām majjayati aplavāni iva

20. This distorted intellect (buddhi) of yours, which is as unnatural as human speech from cows, causes the minds (manas) of the sons of Pāṇḍu to sink, just as if they were without rafts.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• विकृता (vikṛtā) - distorted, perverse, unnatural, changed

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, intelligence, mind

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle

• वाक् (vāk) - voice, speech, word

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• मानुषी (mānuṣī) - human, belonging to humans

• मनांसि (manāṁsi) - minds, thoughts, consciousnesses

• पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (of the sons of Pāṇḍu)

• मज्जयति (majjayati) - causes to sink, submerges, drowns

• अप्लवानि (aplavāni) - without rafts, without means to float

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

Note: Possessive, modifying eṣā buddhiḥ.

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Nominative singular feminine of etad.

विकृता (vikṛtā) - distorted, perverse, unnatural, changed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - changed, altered, modified, distorted, unnatural, perverse

Past Passive Participle

From vi (prefix) + root √kṛ (to make, do) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, intelligence, mind

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, intelligence, perception, mind

From root √budh (to awaken, perceive).

Root: √budh (class 1)

Note: Subject.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, of cattle

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, ray of light, earth

Irregular o/au stem.

Note: Possessive, 'of cows'.

वाक् (vāk) - voice, speech, word

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

From root √vac (to speak).

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle used for comparison.

मानुषी (mānuṣī) - human, belonging to humans

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to humans, a human being

Derived from manus (man).

Note: Describes vāk.

मनांसि (manāṁsi) - minds, thoughts, consciousnesses

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of manas

manas - mind, intellect, spirit, consciousness

From root √man (to think).

Root: √man (class 4)

Note: Object of majjayati.

पाण्डुपुत्राणाम् (pāṇḍuputrāṇām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (of the sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound of Pāṇḍu (proper noun) + putra (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, 'of the Pāṇḍavas'.

मज्जयति (majjayati) - causes to sink, submerges, drowns

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of majj

Causative

Causative stem from root √majj (class 6) formed with aya suffix.

Root: √majj (class 6)

अप्लवानि (aplavāni) - without rafts, without means to float

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of aplava

aplava - without a boat/raft, unable to float, a non-swimmer

From a (negation) + plava (boat, raft, swimming).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+plava)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• plava – boat, raft, float, swimming
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  From root √plu (to float, swim).
  Root: √plu (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially or as a predicate adjective in the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle used for comparison.