महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-73, verse-12

यथा पुरस्तात्सविता दृश्यते शुक्रमुच्चरन् ।
यथा च पश्चान्निर्मुक्तो ध्रुवं पर्येति रश्मिवान् ॥१२॥

12. yathā purastātsavitā dṛśyate śukramuccaran ,
yathā ca paścānnirmukto dhruvaṁ paryeti raśmivān.

12. yathā purastāt savitā dṛśyate śukram uccaran
yathā ca paścāt nirmuktaḥ dhruvam paryeti raśmivān

12. Just as the sun (savitā) is seen rising brightly in the east, and just as after being released in the west, the radiant (sun) certainly moves around.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in front, in the east, formerly

• सविता (savitā) - the sun, the stimulator, the generator

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen

• शुक्रम् (śukram) - brightly, purely, splendidly

• उच्चरन् (uccaran) - rising, going up

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• च (ca) - and, also

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, in the west, afterwards

• निर्मुक्तः (nirmuktaḥ) - released, freed, set free

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

• पर्येति (paryeti) - moves around, goes around, circumambulates

• रश्मिवान् (raśmivān) - radiant, possessing rays, luminous

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in front, in the east, formerly

(indeclinable)

सविता (savitā) - the sun, the stimulator, the generator

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savitṛ

savitṛ - the sun, stimulator, generator, impeller

Agent noun from root sū (to impel, generate).

Root: sū (class 2)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

Derived from root dṛś, class 1, present passive 3rd singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शुक्रम् (śukram) - brightly, purely, splendidly

(indeclinable)

उच्चरन् (uccaran) - rising, going up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uccarat

uccarat - rising, ascending, going up

Present Active Participle

Derived from root car (to move) with upasarga ud, and present active participle suffix -at.

Prefix: ud

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'savitā'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, in the west, afterwards

(indeclinable)

निर्मुक्तः (nirmuktaḥ) - released, freed, set free

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirmukta

nirmukta - released, freed, set loose, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muc (to release) with upasarga nir, and past passive participle suffix -ta.

Prefix: nir

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with implied 'savitā'.

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

(indeclinable)

पर्येति (paryeti) - moves around, goes around, circumambulates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active

Derived from root i, class 2, with upasarga pari, present active 3rd singular.

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

रश्मिवान् (raśmivān) - radiant, possessing rays, luminous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raśmivat

raśmivat - having rays, radiant, luminous

Possessive suffix -vat added to raśmi (ray).

Note: Agrees with implied 'savitā'.