महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-73, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा महाबाहुः केशवः प्रहसन्निव ।
अभूतपूर्वं भीमस्य मार्दवोपगतं वचः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā mahābāhuḥ keśavaḥ prahasanniva ,
abhūtapūrvaṁ bhīmasya mārdavopagataṁ vacaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca etat śrutvā mahābāhuḥ keśavaḥ
prahasan iva abhūtapūrvam bhīmasya mārdavopagatam vacaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard this, the mighty-armed Keśava (Krishna), as if laughing, observed Bhīma's words, which were unprecedentedly imbued with gentleness.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage and narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this, this (neuter)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Referring to Keśava (Krishna), whose arms are mighty. (mighty-armed, great-armed)

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (Krishna)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - as, like, as if

• अभूतपूर्वम् (abhūtapūrvam) - unprecedented, never before seen/happened

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

• मार्दवोपगतम् (mārdavopagatam) - imbued with gentleness, characterized by softness

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage and narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a pupil of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this, this (neuter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Can also be nominative neuter.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Gerund (absolutive) formed from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Referring to Keśava (Krishna), whose arms are mighty. (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna, meaning 'having fine hair' or 'slayer of the demon Keśī')

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root has (to laugh) with prefix pra- and participle suffix -at.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying Keśava.

इव (iva) - as, like, as if

(indeclinable)

अभूतपूर्वम् (abhūtapūrvam) - unprecedented, never before seen/happened

(adjective)

neuter, singular of abhūtapūrva

abhūtapūrva - unprecedented, never before existed

Formed with 'a-' (negation) and 'bhūta-pūrva' (existing before).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhūtapūrva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• bhūtapūrva – happened before, existed previously
  adjective
  Root: bhū (class 1)

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), terrible, formidable

Root: bhī (class 3)

मार्दवोपगतम् (mārdavopagatam) - imbued with gentleness, characterized by softness

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mārdavopagata

mārdavopagata - imbued with gentleness, obtained softness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mārdava+upagata)

• mārdava – gentleness, softness, mildness
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from mṛdu (soft, gentle) with suffix -a.
  Root: mṛd (class 9)
• upagata – approached, attained, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix upa- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: gam (class 1)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)