महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-59, verse-22

क्षयोदयोऽयं सुमहान्कुरूणां प्रत्युपस्थितः ।
अस्य चेत्कलहस्यान्तः शमादन्यो न विद्यते ॥२२॥

22. kṣayodayo'yaṁ sumahānkurūṇāṁ pratyupasthitaḥ ,
asya cetkalahasyāntaḥ śamādanyo na vidyate.

22. kṣayodayaḥ ayam sumahān kurūṇām pratyupasthitaḥ
asya cet kalahasya antaḥ śamāt anyaḥ na vidyate

22. This great destruction for the Kurus is imminent. If there is to be an end to this conflict, no other way exists except through peace (śama).

Words meanings summery:

• क्षयोदयः (kṣayodayaḥ) - The imminent destruction facing the Kurus. (decline and rise, destruction and prosperity)

• अयम् (ayam) - Referring to the 'kṣayodaya' (destruction). (this (masculine singular nominative))

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - Describes the scale of the impending destruction. (very great, mighty, immense)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• प्रत्युपस्थितः (pratyupasthitaḥ) - The destruction is about to happen. (imminent, present, standing near, confronting)

• अस्य (asya) - Refers to the 'conflict'. (of this)

• चेत् (cet) - if, in case that

• कलहस्य (kalahasya) - of the conflict, of the quarrel, of the strife

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - end, conclusion, limit

• शमात् (śamāt) - Expressing the means or source (ablative of means). (from peace, by peace)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, different, another

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

Words meanings and morphology

क्षयोदयः (kṣayodayaḥ) - The imminent destruction facing the Kurus. (decline and rise, destruction and prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣayodaya

kṣayodaya - decline and rise, destruction and prosperity, cycle of decay and growth

Compound type : dvandva (kṣaya+udaya)

• kṣaya – destruction, decline, loss, decay
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• udaya – rise, prosperity, emergence, dawn
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - Referring to the 'kṣayodaya' (destruction). (this (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

सुमहान् (sumahān) - Describes the scale of the impending destruction. (very great, mighty, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty, immense, excellent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very (augmentative prefix)
  indeclinable
  augmentative prefix
• mahat – great, large, mighty, considerable
  adjective (masculine)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants), a member of the Kuru dynasty

प्रत्युपस्थितः (pratyupasthitaḥ) - The destruction is about to happen. (imminent, present, standing near, confronting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyupasthita

pratyupasthita - present, near, imminent, ready, at hand

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' with prefixes 'prati' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: prati+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

अस्य (asya) - Refers to the 'conflict'. (of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

चेत् (cet) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

कलहस्य (kalahasya) - of the conflict, of the quarrel, of the strife

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kalaha

kalaha - conflict, quarrel, strife, dispute, war

Root: kalh (class 1)

अन्तः (antaḥ) - end, conclusion, limit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, limit, boundary, conclusion, death

Note: Subject of 'vidyate'.

शमात् (śamāt) - Expressing the means or source (ablative of means). (from peace, by peace)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - peace, tranquility, calm, cessation of passions

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Used with 'anyaḥ' (other than).

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, different, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Forms part of the subject with 'antaḥ' and is qualified by 'śamāt'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'vidyate'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

Root: vid (class 4)