महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-59, verse-17

यमाह भीष्मो द्रोणश्च कृपो द्रौणिस्तथैव च ।
मद्रराजस्तथा शल्यो मध्यस्था ये च मानवाः ॥१७॥

17. yamāha bhīṣmo droṇaśca kṛpo drauṇistathaiva ca ,
madrarājastathā śalyo madhyasthā ye ca mānavāḥ.

17. yam āha bhīṣmaḥ droṇaḥ ca kṛpaḥ drauṇiḥ tathā eva ca
madrarājaḥ tathā śalyaḥ madhyasthāḥ ye ca mānavāḥ

17. Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and Drona's son, as well as the King of Madras (Salya), and those humans who are neutral, all speak of him (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom (Arjuna) (whom, which)

• आह (āha) - declare, say (said, spoke, declared)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhishma)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the royal preceptor) (Drona)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa (another Kuru warrior and preceptor) (Kripa)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drona's son (Ashwatthama) (Drona's son, Ashwatthama)

• तथा (tathā) - and, also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (for emphasis) (only, indeed, just)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - king of the Madras (Salya) (king of Madras)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, in that manner, also)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Salya (King of Madras) (Salya)

• मध्यस्थाः (madhyasthāḥ) - those who are neutral (neutral, standing in the middle)

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, people (humans, sons of Manu)

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom (Arjuna) (whom, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

आह (āha) - declare, say (said, spoke, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of āha

Perfect Tense

Perfect 3rd singular active of root ah.

Root: ah (class 2)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru patriarch, son of Ganga and Shantanu)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the royal preceptor) (Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the royal preceptor to Kauravas and Pandavas)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa (another Kuru warrior and preceptor) (Kripa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (name of a warrior and preceptor)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drona's son (Ashwatthama) (Drona's son, Ashwatthama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona, Ashwatthama

Patronymic from Drona

तथा (tathā) - and, also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (for emphasis) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - king of the Madras (Salya) (king of Madras)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – the country of Madra, its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Salya (King of Madras) (Salya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Salya (name of the king of Madra)

मध्यस्थाः (madhyasthāḥ) - those who are neutral (neutral, standing in the middle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madhyastha

madhyastha - standing in the middle, neutral, impartial

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (madhya+stha)

• madhya – middle, central
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root sthā 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Can function as a noun meaning 'neutrals'.

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to mānavāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, people (humans, sons of Manu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, son of Manu

Derived from Manu (manu + aṇ pratyaya)