महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-21, verse-13

यदि काङ्क्षन्ति ते राज्यं पितृपैतामहं पुनः ।
यथाप्रतिज्ञं कालं तं चरन्तु वनमाश्रिताः ॥१३॥

13. yadi kāṅkṣanti te rājyaṁ pitṛpaitāmahaṁ punaḥ ,
yathāpratijñaṁ kālaṁ taṁ carantu vanamāśritāḥ.

13. yadi kāṅkṣanti te rājyam pitṛpaitāmaham punaḥ
yathāpratijñam kālam tam carantu vanam āśritāḥ

13. If they (the Pāṇḍavas) desire that ancestral kingdom again, then let them fulfill that promised period by dwelling in the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• काङ्क्षन्ति (kāṅkṣanti) - they desire, they wish for, they long for

• ते (te) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (they)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• पितृपैतामहम् (pitṛpaitāmaham) - The kingdom inherited from their fathers and grandfathers. (paternal and grandparental, ancestral, hereditary)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, moreover

• यथाप्रतिज्ञम् (yathāpratijñam) - Refers to the vow of exile. (according to the promise, as promised)

• कालम् (kālam) - The stipulated period of exile. (time, period)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to 'that time'. (that, him)

• चरन्तु (carantu) - Let them complete or spend (the time). (let them wander, let them move about, let them observe, let them fulfill)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - Having taken refuge or dwelling in the forest. (resorted to, dwelling in, dependent on, having taken refuge)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

काङ्क्षन्ति (kāṅkṣanti) - they desire, they wish for, they long for

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kāṅkṣ

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

ते (te) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas. (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Note: Object of 'kāṅkṣanti'.

पितृपैतामहम् (pitṛpaitāmaham) - The kingdom inherited from their fathers and grandfathers. (paternal and grandparental, ancestral, hereditary)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitṛpaitāmaha

pitṛpaitāmaha - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

Compound of pitṛ (father) and paitāmaha (grandpaternal).

Compound type : dvandva (pitṛ+paitāmaha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• paitāmaha – grandpaternal, ancestral, relating to a grandfather
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pitāmaha (grandfather).

Note: Agrees with rājyam.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, moreover

(indeclinable)

यथाप्रतिज्ञम् (yathāpratijñam) - Refers to the vow of exile. (according to the promise, as promised)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as, according to) and pratijñā (promise, vow). Adverbial compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+pratijñā)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• pratijñā – promise, vow, agreement
  noun (feminine)
  From prati + jñā.
  Prefix: prati
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adverbial usage.

कालम् (kālam) - The stipulated period of exile. (time, period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, duration, black

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating 'for that time'.

तम् (tam) - Refers to 'that time'. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with kālam.

चरन्तु (carantu) - Let them complete or spend (the time). (let them wander, let them move about, let them observe, let them fulfill)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'te' (Pāṇḍavas).

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Object or specifying location.

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - Having taken refuge or dwelling in the forest. (resorted to, dwelling in, dependent on, having taken refuge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on, dwelling in

past passive participle

From root śri, with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'te' (Pāṇḍavas).