महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-21, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा प्रज्ञावृद्धो महाद्युतिः ।
संपूज्यैनं यथाकालं भीष्मो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasya tadvacanaṁ śrutvā prajñāvṛddho mahādyutiḥ ,
saṁpūjyainaṁ yathākālaṁ bhīṣmo vacanamabravīt.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tasya tat vacanam śrutvā prajñāvṛddhaḥ
mahādyutiḥ sampūjya enam yathākālam bhīṣmaḥ vacanam abravīt

1. Vaishampayana said: Having heard his words, the greatly radiant Bhishma, who was advanced in wisdom, honored him appropriately and then spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the speaker of the previous verse, e.g., Vidura or Yudhiṣṭhira) (his)

• तत् (tat) - that

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• प्रज्ञावृद्धः (prajñāvṛddhaḥ) - advanced in wisdom, old in wisdom

• महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - greatly radiant, illustrious, glorious

• सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having honored, having venerated

• एनम् (enam) - him

• यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the proper time, suitably, duly

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a character)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaishampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, perfect tense, parasmaipada of the root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the speaker of the previous verse, e.g., Vidura or Yudhiṣṭhira) (his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, her, its (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the speaker of the preceding verse (e.g., Vidura).

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Qualifies vacanam. Becomes 'tad' due to sandhi before a voiced consonant in 'roman_words_separated'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance, saying, statement

From root vac (to speak) + -ana (action/instrument suffix).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (krt suffix -tvā) of the root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

प्रज्ञावृद्धः (prajñāvṛddhaḥ) - advanced in wisdom, old in wisdom

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajñāvṛddha

prajñāvṛddha - grown old in wisdom, advanced in knowledge, wise due to experience

Tatpurusha compound: prajñā (wisdom) + vṛddha (grown, old).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prajñā+vṛddha)

• prajñā – wisdom, knowledge, intelligence, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From root jñā (to know) with upasarga pra (forward, thoroughly).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vṛddha – old, grown, increased, augmented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of the root vṛdh (to grow, increase).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma.

महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - greatly radiant, illustrious, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - of great splendor or radiance, glorious, illustrious

Bahuvrihi compound: mahā (great) + dyuti (splendor).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dyuti – splendor, radiance, luster, brilliance
  noun (feminine)
  From root dyut (to shine).
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma.

सम्पूज्य (sampūjya) - having honored, having venerated

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (krt suffix -ya after upasarga) of the root pūj (to honor) with upasarga sam (well, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: pūj (class 10)

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (pronoun, often referring to a proximate or just-mentioned person/thing)

Note: Object of 'sampūjya'. Refers to the speaker of the previous verse.

यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the proper time, suitably, duly

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāla)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• kāla – time, suitable time, period
  noun (masculine)
  From root kal (to calculate, to move).
  Root: kal

Note: Adverbial usage.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a character)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (grandfather of the Kauravas and Pandavas), terrible, formidable

From root bhī (to fear) + -ṣma suffix, meaning causing fear.

Root: bhī

Note: The subject of the sentence.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance, saying, statement

From root vac (to speak) + -ana (action/instrument suffix).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, parasmaipada of the root brū (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)