महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-21, verse-16

भीष्म उवाच ।
किं नु राधेय वाचा ते कर्म तत्स्मर्तुमर्हसि ।
एक एव यदा पार्थः षड्रथाञ्जितवान्युधि ॥१६॥

16. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kiṁ nu rādheya vācā te karma tatsmartumarhasi ,
eka eva yadā pārthaḥ ṣaḍrathāñjitavānyudhi.

16. bhīṣma uvāca kim nu rādheya vācā te karma tat smartum
arhasi ekaḥ eva yadā pārthaḥ ṣaḍrathān jitavān yudhi

16. Bhīṣma said: O son of Rādhā, why indeed do you speak thus? You should remember that deed (karma) when Arjuna alone conquered six charioteers in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle indicating interrogation or affirmation)

• राधेय (rādheya) - O son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

• वाचा (vācā) - by words, by speech

• ते (te) - by your (words) (your)

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, consequence of action

• तत् (tat) - that

• स्मर्तुम् (smartum) - to remember

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• यदा (yadā) - when

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

• षड्रथान् (ṣaḍrathān) - six charioteers, six chariots

• जितवान् (jitavān) - he conquered, he won

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle indicating interrogation or affirmation)

(indeclinable)

राधेय (rādheya) - O son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā, Karṇa

Patronymic from Rādhā

वाचा (vācā) - by words, by speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - by your (words) (your)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Pronominal enclitic, alternative to tvayā (instrumental), tava (genitive), tubhyam (dative)

Note: This 'te' is an enclitic form and can be dative, genitive, or instrumental. Here it goes with 'vācā' (instrumental).

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, consequence of action

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'deed' (karma).

स्मर्तुम् (smartum) - to remember

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form from root smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative

2nd person singular present active

Root: arh (class 1)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, single

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

From pronoun yad (which)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna, Yudhṣṭhira, Bhīma

Patronymic from Pṛthā

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

षड्रथान् (ṣaḍrathān) - six charioteers, six chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṣaḍratha

ṣaḍratha - six charioteers, six chariots

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+ratha)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  From root rath (to go)
  Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Refers to six prominent Kuru warriors, likely including Karṇa himself at some point.

जितवान् (jitavān) - he conquered, he won

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ji

ji - to conquer, to win

Past Active Participle

Formed from root ji + suffix -tavat, 3rd person singular masculine nominative

Root: ji (class 1)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)