महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-20, verse-21

ते भवन्तो यथाधर्मं यथासमयमेव च ।
प्रयच्छन्तु प्रदातव्यं मा वः कालोऽत्यगादयम् ॥२१॥

21. te bhavanto yathādharmaṁ yathāsamayameva ca ,
prayacchantu pradātavyaṁ mā vaḥ kālo'tyagādayam.

21. te bhavantaḥ yathādhamam yathāsamayam eva ca
prayacchantu pradātavyam mā vaḥ kālaḥ atyagāt ayam

21. Therefore, your good selves should, in accordance with natural law (dharma) and at the proper time, give what is to be given. Let not this time pass you by.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - your good selves, you (honorific)

• यथाधर्मम् (yathādharmam) - according to natural law (dharma), righteously

• यथासमयम् (yathāsamayam) - according to the proper time, opportunely

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रयच्छन्तु (prayacchantu) - let them give, they should give

• प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - what is to be given, due share, obligation

• मा (mā) - not, do not

• वः (vaḥ) - to you, your

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time

• अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - pass by, elapse

• अयम् (ayam) - this

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the addressed party (e.g., Kauravas).

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - your good selves, you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavant

bhavant - your good self, you (honorific address), being, existent

Honorific second person pronoun, also present participle of root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

यथाधर्मम् (yathādharmam) - according to natural law (dharma), righteously

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+dharma)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ

यथासमयम् (yathāsamayam) - according to the proper time, opportunely

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+samaya)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• samaya – time, occasion, proper time, agreement, convention
  noun (masculine)
  From root i (to go) with upasarga sam (together, well).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: i (class 2)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रयच्छन्तु (prayacchantu) - let them give, they should give

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of pra-yam

Imperative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person plural, imperative mood, parasmaipada of the root yam (to restrain, give) with upasarga pra (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

प्रदातव्यम् (pradātavyam) - what is to be given, due share, obligation

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradātavya

pradātavya - what is to be given, due, fit to be granted, to be restored

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Formed from pra-dā (to give) + -tavya (gerundive/future passive participle suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used as a substantive. Can also be nominative singular neuter, but accusative fits better as the object of 'prayacchantu'.

मा (mā) - not, do not

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist for prohibition.

वः (vaḥ) - to you, your

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Can be dative or genitive plural. Here, dative 'to you' (implied: 'from you') for the time passing by.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time, destiny

From root kal (to calculate, to move).

Root: kal

Note: Subject of 'atyagāt'.

अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - pass by, elapse

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of ati-gam

Aorist Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, aorist mood, parasmaipada of the root gam (to go) with upasarga ati (beyond, over).

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun, proximate)

Note: Qualifies kālaḥ.