महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-195, verse-5

गौतमो द्विगुणं कालमुक्तवानिति नः श्रुतम् ।
द्रौणिस्तु दशरात्रेण प्रतिजज्ञे महास्त्रवित् ॥५॥

5. gautamo dviguṇaṁ kālamuktavāniti naḥ śrutam ,
drauṇistu daśarātreṇa pratijajñe mahāstravit.

5. gautamaḥ dviguṇam kālam uktavān iti naḥ śrutam
drauṇiḥ tu daśarātreṇa pratijajñe mahāstravit

5. naḥ iti gautamaḥ dviguṇam kālam uktavān śrutam.
tu drauṇiḥ mahāstravit daśarātreṇa pratijajñe

5. We have heard that Gautama (Kripacharya) declared that it would take twice that amount of time. However, Drona's son (Ashvatthama), who was skilled in great weapons, pledged to do it within ten nights.

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Kripacharya (the guru, named after his lineage) (Gautama, Kripacharya)

• द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twice the period (i.e., two months) (double, twice as much, twofold)

• कालम् (kālam) - time, period

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - he said, he spoke, he declared

• इति (iti) - introduces reported speech or summary (thus, so)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (referring to the narrator/audience) (by us, to us, our)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it has been heard (by us) (heard, listened)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Ashvatthama (Drona's son, Ashvatthama)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• दशरात्रेण (daśarātreṇa) - in ten nights, within ten days

• प्रतिजज्ञे (pratijajñe) - he promised, he vowed, he declared

• महास्त्रवित् (mahāstravit) - Ashvatthama, known for his mastery of potent weapons (knower of great weapons, master of powerful missiles)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Kripacharya (the guru, named after his lineage) (Gautama, Kripacharya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - descendant of Gotama, a proper name (e.g., Kripacharya, Buddha)

Patronymic from Gotama.

Note: Subject of uktavān.

द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - twice the period (i.e., two months) (double, twice as much, twofold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double, twice as much

dvi (two) + guṇa (quality, multiplier)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, property, multiplier, thread
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies kālam.

कालम् (kālam) - time, period

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - he said, he spoke, he declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta-vat

ukta-vat - one who has said/spoken

Past Active Participle

From ukta (PPP of vac) + suffix vat.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - introduces reported speech or summary (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Particle

नः (naḥ) - by us (referring to the narrator/audience) (by us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of vayam

vayam - we, us

First person plural pronoun (alternative form of asmābhiḥ or asmākam).

Note: Agent of passive verb (implied 'it was heard by us').

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it has been heard (by us) (heard, listened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed (e.g., in śruti)

Past Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Null copula is implied.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Ashvatthama (Drona's son, Ashvatthama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona, Ashvatthama

Patronymic from Droṇa.

Note: Subject of pratijajñe.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating contrast or specification.

दशरात्रेण (daśarātreṇa) - in ten nights, within ten days

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of daśarātra

daśarātra - period of ten nights/days

daśa (ten) + rātra (night)

Compound type : dvigu (daśa+rātra)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• rātra – night, day (in compounds for duration)
  noun (neuter)

प्रतिजज्ञे (pratijajñe) - he promised, he vowed, he declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of prati-jñā

Perfect middle

From prati (back, again) + root jñā (to know), reduplicated in the perfect tense.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

महास्त्रवित् (mahāstravit) - Ashvatthama, known for his mastery of potent weapons (knower of great weapons, master of powerful missiles)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāstravid

mahāstravid - knower of great weapons

mahāstra (great weapon) + vid (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahāstra+vid)

• mahāstra – great weapon, powerful missile
  noun (neuter)
  mahā (great) + astra (missile/weapon)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)