महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-195, verse-3

दुर्योधनः किलापृच्छदापगेयं महाव्रतम् ।
केन कालेन पाण्डूनां हन्याः सैन्यमिति प्रभो ॥३॥

3. duryodhanaḥ kilāpṛcchadāpageyaṁ mahāvratam ,
kena kālena pāṇḍūnāṁ hanyāḥ sainyamiti prabho.

3. duryodhanaḥ kila apṛcchat āpageyam mahāvratam
kena kālena pāṇḍūnām hanyāḥ sainyam iti prabho

3. kila duryodhanaḥ mahāvratam āpageyam apṛcchat,
"prabho,
kena kālena pāṇḍūnām sainyam hanyāḥ" iti

3. It is said that Duryodhana asked the son of Ganga (Bhishma), who was renowned for his great vow (mahāvrata): "O Lord, in what period of time would you destroy the army of the Pandavas?"

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, it is said, reportedly

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked

• आपगेयम् (āpageyam) - to Bhishma, the son of Ganga (to the son of Ganga)

• महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - Bhishma (who had taken a great vow of celibacy and service) (of great vow, one who has taken a great vow)

• केन (kena) - in what period (by what, with what)

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, in time, within a period

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pandavas

• हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you would kill, you would slay, you would destroy

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, troop

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quote or thought (thus, so, in this way)

• प्रभो (prabho) - Addressing Bhishma as a lord/master (O Lord, O master, O powerful one)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

dur (bad, difficult) + yodhana (fighter, warrior); one difficult to conquer or fight.

Note: Subject of apṛcchat.

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, it is said, reportedly

(indeclinable)

Particle

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Past Imperfect (laṅ)

Root prach (to ask) in the imperfect tense with augment a-. Often appears as pṛcch in conjugated forms.

Root: prach (class 6)

आपगेयम् (āpageyam) - to Bhishma, the son of Ganga (to the son of Ganga)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpageya

āpageya - son of Ganga (Apaga), Bhishma

From apāgā (Ganga river) + patronymic suffix.

Note: Object of apṛcchat.

महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - Bhishma (who had taken a great vow of celibacy and service) (of great vow, one who has taken a great vow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - having a great vow, a great solemn observance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies āpageyam.

केन (kena) - in what period (by what, with what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Adverbial use indicating 'by means of what (time)'.

कालेन (kālena) - by time, in time, within a period

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Instrumental used to express duration or 'within' a time frame.

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu (proper name); yellow, pale

Refers to the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas.

Note: Possessive of sainyam.

हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you would kill, you would slay, you would destroy

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of han

Optative active

Root han (to strike, slay)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The subject is the implicit 'you' (Bhishma).

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, troop

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - an army, a troop; pertaining to an army

From senā (army) + suffix ya

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quote or thought (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle

प्रभो (prabho) - Addressing Bhishma as a lord/master (O Lord, O master, O powerful one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty, powerful

pra + root bhū (to be, become, rule)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)