महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-134, verse-4

य एवात्यन्तसुहृदस्त एनं पर्युपासते ।
अशक्तयः स्वस्तिकामा बद्धवत्सा इडा इव ।
शोचन्तमनुशोचन्ति प्रतीतानिव बान्धवान् ॥४॥

4. ya evātyantasuhṛdasta enaṁ paryupāsate ,
aśaktayaḥ svastikāmā baddhavatsā iḍā iva ,
śocantamanuśocanti pratītāniva bāndhavān.

4. ye eva atyantasuhṛdaḥ te enam
paryupāsate aśaktayaḥ svastikāmāḥ
baddhavatsāḥ iḍāḥ iva śocantam
anuśocanti pratītān iva bāndhavān

4. ye eva atyantasuhṛdaḥ te enam paryupāsate
aśaktayaḥ svastikāmāḥ baddhavatsāḥ
iḍāḥ iva (santaḥ) śocantam anuśocanti
(tathā) pratītān bāndhavān iva (śocanti)

4. Only those who are exceptionally close friends attend upon him. Powerless, and desiring their own well-being, they grieve along with the lamenting king, just like cows whose calves are tied up, grieving as if for their own trusted relatives (who are lost or gone).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who

• एव (eva) - only, indeed

• अत्यन्तसुहृदः (atyantasuhṛdaḥ) - very close friends, exceedingly benevolent

• ते (te) - they

• एनम् (enam) - the distressed king (him)

• पर्युपासते (paryupāsate) - they serve, attend upon, revere

• अशक्तयः (aśaktayaḥ) - powerless, helpless

• स्वस्तिकामाः (svastikāmāḥ) - desiring their own well-being (desiring welfare, wishing well-being)

• बद्धवत्साः (baddhavatsāḥ) - having calves tied up, whose calves are tied

• इडाः (iḍāḥ) - cows

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• शोचन्तम् (śocantam) - the grieving king (grieving, lamenting (one))

• अनुशोचन्ति (anuśocanti) - they grieve along with, they lament after

• प्रतीतान् (pratītān) - trusted relatives who are lost or gone (trusted, familiar, believed)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - relatives, kinsmen

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

एव (eva) - only, indeed

(indeclinable)

अत्यन्तसुहृदः (atyantasuhṛdaḥ) - very close friends, exceedingly benevolent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atyantasuhṛd

atyantasuhṛd - extremely friendly, very benevolent, very close friend

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+suhṛd)

• atyanta – exceedingly, extremely
  indeclinable
  Prefix: ati
• suhṛd – friend, kind-hearted, benevolent
  noun (masculine)
  from su- (good) + hṛd (heart)
  Prefix: su

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

एनम् (enam) - the distressed king (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, he, she, it (anaphoric pronoun)

पर्युपासते (paryupāsate) - they serve, attend upon, revere

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of paryupās

Present Middle

from pari- (prefix) + upa- (prefix) + root √ās (to sit, to serve) + -ate (3rd plural present)

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

अशक्तयः (aśaktayaḥ) - powerless, helpless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśakti

aśakti - powerlessness, helplessness

Compound type : negative tatpuruṣa (a+śakti)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śakti – power, strength, ability, energy (śakti)
  noun (feminine)
  from root √śak (to be able)
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (friends).

स्वस्तिकामाः (svastikāmāḥ) - desiring their own well-being (desiring welfare, wishing well-being)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svastikāma

svastikāma - desiring welfare, wishing well-being

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svasti+kāma)

• svasti – well-being, welfare, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  from su (good) + asti (being)
  Root: as (class 2)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  from root √kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (friends).

बद्धवत्साः (baddhavatsāḥ) - having calves tied up, whose calves are tied

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of baddhavatsā

baddhavatsā - having a calf tied, whose calves are bound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (baddha+vatsa)

• baddha – bound, tied, restrained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √bandh (to bind) + -ta suffix
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• vatsa – calf, young animal
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with iḍāḥ.

इडाः (iḍāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of iḍā

iḍā - cow, earth, speech

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

शोचन्तम् (śocantam) - the grieving king (grieving, lamenting (one))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śocat

śocat - grieving, lamenting, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

from root √śuc (to grieve, lament) + -at (present active participle suffix)

Root: śuc (class 1)

अनुशोचन्ति (anuśocanti) - they grieve along with, they lament after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anuśuc

Present Active

from anu- (prefix) + root √śuc (to grieve, lament) + -anti (3rd plural present)

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

प्रतीतान् (pratītān) - trusted relatives who are lost or gone (trusted, familiar, believed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pratīta

pratīta - trusted, familiar, believed, known, gone, passed away

Past Passive Participle

from prati- (prefix) + root √i (to go) + -ta suffix

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman

from bandhu (relation) + -a suffix