महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-134, verse-16

इदमुद्धर्षणं भीमं तेजोवर्धनमुत्तमम् ।
राजानं श्रावयेन्मन्त्री सीदन्तं शत्रुपीडितम् ॥१६॥

16. idamuddharṣaṇaṁ bhīmaṁ tejovardhanamuttamam ,
rājānaṁ śrāvayenmantrī sīdantaṁ śatrupīḍitam.

16. idam uddharṣaṇam bhīmam tejo-vardhanam uttamam
rājānam śrāvayet mantrī sīdantam śatru-pīḍitam

16. mantrī idam uddharṣaṇam bhīmam tejo-vardhanam uttamam śatru-pīḍitam sīdantam rājānam śrāvayet.

16. This exhilarating, formidable, excellent, and spirit-lifting message should be recited by a minister to a king who is disheartened and tormented by his enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the discourse or message being described. (this, this one)

• उद्धार्षणम् (uddhārṣaṇam) - exhilarating, rousing, encouraging, thrilling

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Implying a powerful and awe-inspiring effect. (formidable, terrible, mighty, dreadful)

• तेजो-वर्धनम् (tejo-vardhanam) - Spirit-lifting, boosting courage and energy. (increasing vigor, enhancing splendor, growing energy)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme, highest

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (accusative)

• श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - Should recount or read aloud. (he should cause to hear, he should recite, he should make known)

• मन्त्री (mantrī) - minister, counselor

• सीदन्तम् (sīdantam) - Disheartened, experiencing despair. (sinking, drooping, depressed, distressed)

• शत्रु-पीडितम् (śatru-pīḍitam) - tormented by enemies, afflicted by foes

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the discourse or message being described. (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

उद्धार्षणम् (uddhārṣaṇam) - exhilarating, rousing, encouraging, thrilling

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uddhārṣaṇa

uddhārṣaṇa - exhilarating, causing excitement, rousing, thrilling

From root hṛṣ (to be excited, thrill) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Implying a powerful and awe-inspiring effect. (formidable, terrible, mighty, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhīma

bhīma - dreadful, terrible, formidable, mighty, awful

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

तेजो-वर्धनम् (tejo-vardhanam) - Spirit-lifting, boosting courage and energy. (increasing vigor, enhancing splendor, growing energy)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tejo-vardhana

tejo-vardhana - increasing vigor, enhancing energy/splendor, promoting power

Compound of tejas (splendor, energy, vigor) and vardhana (increasing, causing to grow).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tejas+vardhana)

• tejas – splendor, light, energy, sharp edge, fiery spirit
  noun (neuter)
• vardhana – increasing, growing, causing to grow, strengthening
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun/Adjective from causative
  From root vṛdh (to grow) in causative form vardhayati.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied noun.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, supreme

Superlative form of ud (up) or ut.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

Note: Object of śrāvayet.

श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - Should recount or read aloud. (he should cause to hear, he should recite, he should make known)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of śrāvay

Optative mode, causative stem, 3rd person singular

Causative stem from root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

मन्त्री (mantrī) - minister, counselor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor, advisor

Noun derived from mantra.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of śrāvayet.

सीदन्तम् (sīdantam) - Disheartened, experiencing despair. (sinking, drooping, depressed, distressed)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sīdat

sīdat - sinking, drooping, becoming depressed, perishing

Present Active Participle

From root sad (to sink, sit down) with present stem sīdat.

Root: sad (class 1)

शत्रु-पीडितम् (śatru-pīḍitam) - tormented by enemies, afflicted by foes

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru-pīḍita

śatru-pīḍita - tormented by enemies, distressed by foes

Compound.

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (śatru+pīḍita)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed, harassed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pīḍ (to oppress, torment)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying rājānam.