महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-134, verse-1

मातोवाच ।
नैव राज्ञा दरः कार्यो जातु कस्यांचिदापदि ।
अथ चेदपि दीर्णः स्यान्नैव वर्तेत दीर्णवत् ॥१॥

1. mātovāca ,
naiva rājñā daraḥ kāryo jātu kasyāṁcidāpadi ,
atha cedapi dīrṇaḥ syānnaiva varteta dīrṇavat.

1. mātā uvāca na eva rājñā daraḥ kāryaḥ jātu kasyāṃcit
āpadi atha cet api dīrṇaḥ syāt na eva varteta dīrṇavat

1. mātā uvāca rājñā jātu kasyāṃcit āpadi na eva daraḥ
kāryaḥ atha cet api dīrṇaḥ syāt na eva dīrṇavat varteta

1. The mother said: "A king should never show fear in any adversity. And even if he is inwardly distressed, he should certainly not act as if he is distressed."

Words meanings summery:

• माता (mātā) - mother

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• दरः (daraḥ) - fear, terror

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, to be made, proper to be done

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

• कस्यांचित् (kasyāṁcit) - in any

• आपदि (āpadi) - in adversity, in calamity

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• चेत् (cet) - if

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• दीर्णः (dīrṇaḥ) - inwardly distressed (broken, distressed, torn)

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• वर्तेत (varteta) - should act, should be, should behave

• दीर्णवत् (dīrṇavat) - like a distressed one, as if broken

Words meanings and morphology

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

root vac, perfect tense, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

instrumental singular of rājan

दरः (daraḥ) - fear, terror

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dara

dara - fear, terror, apprehension

root dṛ + a

Root: dṛ (class 1)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, to be made, proper to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, business, duty, effect

Gerundive

root kṛ + ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

कस्यांचित् (kasyāṁcit) - in any

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kimcid

kimcid - some, any, a certain

locative singular feminine of kimcid

आपदि (āpadi) - in adversity, in calamity

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, adversity, distress

locative singular of āpad

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

cid becomes cet due to sandhi before api

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

दीर्णः (dīrṇaḥ) - inwardly distressed (broken, distressed, torn)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrṇa

dīrṇa - torn, rent, broken, distressed, split

Past Passive Participle

root dṝ + ta

Root: dṝ (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

root as, parasmaipada, optative mood

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

वर्तेत (varteta) - should act, should be, should behave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

optative middle

root vṛt, ātmanepada, optative mood

Root: vṛt (class 1)

दीर्णवत् (dīrṇavat) - like a distressed one, as if broken

(indeclinable)

dīrṇa (distressed) + -vat (comparative suffix)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate manner.