महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-116, verse-9

एतच्चान्यच्च विविधं श्रुत्वा गालवभाषितम् ।
उशीनरः प्रतिवचो ददौ तस्य नराधिपः ॥९॥

9. etaccānyacca vividhaṁ śrutvā gālavabhāṣitam ,
uśīnaraḥ prativaco dadau tasya narādhipaḥ.

9. etat ca anyat ca vividham śrutvā gālavabhāṣitam
uśīnaraḥ prativacaḥ dadau tasya narādhipaḥ

9. Having heard this, as well as the various other words spoken by Gālava, King Uśīnara, the ruler of men, gave him a reply.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this speech/advice (this, this one)

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other words/statements (other, different)

• च (ca) - and

• विविधम् (vividham) - various, diverse, manifold

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• गालवभाषितम् (gālavabhāṣitam) - the specific advice given by Gālava (spoken by Gālava, Gālava's speech/words)

• उशीनरः (uśīnaraḥ) - King Uśīnara (Uśīnara (proper name))

• प्रतिवचः (prativacaḥ) - reply, answer, counter-speech

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• तस्य (tasya) - to Gālava (to him, of him, his)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - King Uśīnara (ruler of men, king)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this speech/advice (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: It is an adjective for an implied 'gālavabhāṣitam' or 'vacanam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अन्यत् (anyat) - other words/statements (other, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

Indefinite pronoun/adjective.

Note: Acts as an adjective for implied 'gālavabhāṣitam' or 'vacanam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विविधम् (vividham) - various, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse, of many kinds

Compound of 'vi' (as intensifier/distributor) and 'vidha' (kind, sort).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+vidha)

• vi – apart, asunder, away; intensifier
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhā' (to place) with 'vi'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used to indicate a completed action before the main verb.

गालवभाषितम् (gālavabhāṣitam) - the specific advice given by Gālava (spoken by Gālava, Gālava's speech/words)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gālavabhāṣita

gālavabhāṣita - speech of Gālava, that which was spoken by Gālava

Compound of 'Gālava' (proper noun) and 'bhāṣita' (spoken, speech).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (gālava+bhāṣita)

• gālava – Gālava (name of a sage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhāṣita – spoken, said; speech, saying
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhāṣ' (to speak).
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

उशीनरः (uśīnaraḥ) - King Uśīnara (Uśīnara (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uśīnara

uśīnara - Uśīnara (name of a famous king in ancient India)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रतिवचः (prativacaḥ) - reply, answer, counter-speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prativacas

prativacas - reply, answer, rejoinder

Compound of 'prati' (back, against) and 'vacas' (speech).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+vacas)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix.
• vacas – speech, word, saying
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vac' (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dadau'.

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dā

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular of root 'dā'.

Root: dā (class 3)

तस्य (tasya) - to Gālava (to him, of him, his)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - King Uśīnara (ruler of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king, sovereign

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (ruler, lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (over) + 'pa' (protector, ruler).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: In apposition to Uśīnara.