महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-11, verse-14

स तां संदृश्य दुष्टात्मा प्राह सर्वान्सभासदः ।
इन्द्रस्य महिषी देवी कस्मान्मां नोपतिष्ठति ॥१४॥

14. sa tāṁ saṁdṛśya duṣṭātmā prāha sarvānsabhāsadaḥ ,
indrasya mahiṣī devī kasmānmāṁ nopatiṣṭhati.

14. sa tām sandṛśya duṣṭātmā prāha sarvān sabhāsadaḥ
indrasya mahiṣī devī kasmāt mām na upatiṣṭhati

14. Upon seeing her, the evil-minded Nahuṣa asked all the assembly members, "Why does the goddess, Indra's queen, not come to me?"

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he

• ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine accusative)

• सन्दृश्य (sandṛśya) - having seen, perceiving

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - wicked-souled, evil-minded

• प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members, courtiers

• इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - of Indra

• महिषी (mahiṣī) - the queen of Indra (Indrāṇī) (queen, principal wife)

• देवी (devī) - the goddess (Indrāṇī) (goddess, divine lady)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what, why

• माम् (mām) - me

• न (na) - not

• उपतिष्ठति (upatiṣṭhati) - comes to me (attends upon, approaches, serves)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nahuṣa

ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Devī/Śacī

सन्दृश्य (sandṛśya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with upasarga sam, using suffix -ya

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - wicked-souled, evil-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - evil-minded, wicked-souled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupt, wicked, spoiled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duṣ (to spoil, be corrupt)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Nahuṣa

प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-āha

Perfect Tense (irregular)

From root ah/brū (to speak) with upasarga pra. Irregular perfect form.

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies sabhāsadaḥ

सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - assembly members, courtiers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sabhāsada

sabhāsada - assembly member, courtier

From sabhā (assembly) and sad (to sit)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+sad)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• sad – sitting, residing (derived from root sad)
  noun (masculine)
  From root sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (king of gods)

महिषी (mahiṣī) - the queen of Indra (Indrāṇī) (queen, principal wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahiṣī

mahiṣī - queen, principal wife, empress

देवी (devī) - the goddess (Indrāṇī) (goddess, divine lady)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine lady, queen

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what, why

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of upatiṣṭhati

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उपतिष्ठति (upatiṣṭhati) - comes to me (attends upon, approaches, serves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of upa-sthā

Present Tense

From root sthā (to stand) with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)