महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-5

उदतिष्ठद्रजो भौमं न प्रज्ञायत किंचन ।
पक्षिणश्चापतन्भूमौ सैन्येन रजसावृताः ॥५॥

5. udatiṣṭhadrajo bhaumaṁ na prajñāyata kiṁcana ,
pakṣiṇaścāpatanbhūmau sainyena rajasāvṛtāḥ.

5. udatiṣṭhat rajaḥ bhaumam na prajñāyata kiñcana
pakṣiṇaḥ ca āpatan bhūmau sainyena rajasā āvṛtāḥ

5. Ground-dust rose up, and nothing could be seen. Birds, enveloped by the dust raised by the army, fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - rose up, stood up

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, pollen, impurity

• भौमम् (bhaumam) - dust rising from the ground (earthy, terrestrial, ground-born)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रज्ञायत (prajñāyata) - was perceived, was known, could be seen

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything, anything whatever

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

• च (ca) - and

• आपतन् (āpatan) - fell down, flew down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, by the host

• रजसा (rajasā) - by the dust, with dust

• आवृताः (āvṛtāḥ) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

Words meanings and morphology

उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - rose up, stood up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Prefixes: ud+ati

Root: sthā (class 1)

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, pollen, impurity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, impulse, passion (guṇa)

भौमम् (bhaumam) - dust rising from the ground (earthy, terrestrial, ground-born)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhauma

bhauma - earthy, terrestrial, relating to the earth

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रज्ञायत (prajñāyata) - was perceived, was known, could be seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything, anything whatever

(indeclinable)

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आपतन् (āpatan) - fell down, flew down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, by the host

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

रजसा (rajasā) - by the dust, with dust

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, impulse, passion (guṇa)

आवृताः (āvṛtāḥ) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, veiled, surrounded, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)