महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-18

चरन्स विविधान्मार्गान्रथेषु रथयूथपः ।
त्रिगर्तानां सुशर्माणमार्च्छद्रुक्मरथं रणे ॥१८॥

18. caransa vividhānmārgānratheṣu rathayūthapaḥ ,
trigartānāṁ suśarmāṇamārcchadrukmarathaṁ raṇe.

18. caran sa vividhān mārgān ratheṣu rathayūthapaḥ
trigartānām suśarmāṇam ārcchat rukmaratham raṇe

18. That leader of chariot divisions, traversing various paths on his chariots, attacked Suśarman of the Trigartas, who rode a golden chariot, in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• चरन् (caran) - traversing (moving, going, wandering)

• स (sa) - that (referring to the subject) (he, that)

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

• मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths (paths, ways, roads)

• रथेषु (ratheṣu) - on his chariots (in chariots, on chariots)

• रथयूथपः (rathayūthapaḥ) - leader of chariot divisions (lord of a chariot troop, commander of chariots)

• त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - of the Trigartas (of the Trigartas (a people/region))

• सुशर्माणम् (suśarmāṇam) - Suśarman (Suśarman (name of a king))

• आर्च्छत् (ārcchat) - attacked (he attacked, he struck, he met)

• रुक्मरथम् (rukmaratham) - who rode a golden chariot (having a golden chariot)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

Words meanings and morphology

चरन् (caran) - traversing (moving, going, wandering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, going, acting, wandering

Present Active Participle

Derived from √car (to move, go) with -śatṛ suffix.

Root: car (class 1)

स (sa) - that (referring to the subject) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence.

विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

मार्गान् (mārgān) - paths (paths, ways, roads)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - road, path, way, street

रथेषु (ratheṣu) - on his chariots (in chariots, on chariots)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

रथयूथपः (rathayūthapaḥ) - leader of chariot divisions (lord of a chariot troop, commander of chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathayūthapa

rathayūthapa - commander of a chariot division, chief of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+yūthapa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• yūthapa – leader of a troop, commander
  noun (masculine)

त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - of the Trigartas (of the Trigartas (a people/region))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - The name of a country and its people (literally 'three pits' or 'three hollows').

सुशर्माणम् (suśarmāṇam) - Suśarman (Suśarman (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suśarman

suśarman - Name of a king of the Trigartas.

आर्च्छत् (ārcchat) - attacked (he attacked, he struck, he met)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ārcch

Imperfect tense

From √ṛcch (class 6), used with āṅ prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛcch (class 6)

रुक्मरथम् (rukmaratham) - who rode a golden chariot (having a golden chariot)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rukmaratha

rukmaratha - having a golden chariot, golden-charioted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+ratha)

• rukma – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Suśarman.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

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