महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-16

लक्षयित्वा त्रिगर्तानां तौ प्रविष्टौ रथव्रजम् ।
जग्मतुः सूर्यदत्तश्च मदिराश्वश्च पृष्ठतः ॥१६॥

16. lakṣayitvā trigartānāṁ tau praviṣṭau rathavrajam ,
jagmatuḥ sūryadattaśca madirāśvaśca pṛṣṭhataḥ.

16. lakṣayitvā trigartānām tau praviṣṭau rathavrajam
jagmatuḥ sūryadattaḥ ca madirāśvaḥ ca pṛṣṭhataḥ

16. Having observed those two (Śatānīka and Viśālākṣa) who had entered the multitude of Trigarta chariots, Sūryadatta and Madirāśva followed from behind.

Words meanings summery:

• लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed (having observed, having perceived, having aimed at)

• त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - of the Trigartas (modifies rathavrajām) (of the Trigartas)

• तौ (tau) - those two (Śatānīka and Viśālākṣa from the previous verse) (those two)

• प्रविष्टौ (praviṣṭau) - entered (having entered, entered)

• रथव्रजम् (rathavrajam) - multitude of chariots (multitude of chariots, troop of chariots)

• जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - they followed (they went, they followed)

• सूर्यदत्तः (sūryadattaḥ) - Sūryadatta (Sūryadatta (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मदिराश्वः (madirāśvaḥ) - Madirāśva (Madirāśva (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind (from behind, from the rear, behind)

Words meanings and morphology

लक्षयित्वा (lakṣayitvā) - having observed (having observed, having perceived, having aimed at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from the causative stem lakṣay.

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - of the Trigartas (modifies rathavrajām) (of the Trigartas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - a country/people called Trigartas

Note: Possessive, referring to whose chariots or who the chariots belong to.

तौ (tau) - those two (Śatānīka and Viśālākṣa from the previous verse) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of praviṣṭau.

प्रविष्टौ (praviṣṭau) - entered (having entered, entered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into, penetrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś with prefix pra-. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

रथव्रजम् (rathavrajam) - multitude of chariots (multitude of chariots, troop of chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathavraja

rathavraja - a multitude of chariots, a troop of chariots

Compound: ratha (chariot) + vraja (multitude, herd).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vraja)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath
• vraja – herd, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vraj (class 1)

जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - they followed (they went, they followed)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Past Tense (Liṭ)

Root gam, reduplicated for perfect tense, third person dual, active voice.

Root: gam (class 1)

सूर्यदत्तः (sūryadattaḥ) - Sūryadatta (Sūryadatta (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūryadatta

sūryadatta - given by the sun (a proper name)

Compound: sūrya (sun) + datta (given).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+datta)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
• datta – given, granted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: One of the two subjects.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Postfixed to the first item.

मदिराश्वः (madirāśvaḥ) - Madirāśva (Madirāśva (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madirāśva

madirāśva - having intoxicating horses (a proper name)

Compound: madira (intoxicating) + aśva (horse).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madira+aśva)

• madira – intoxicating, gladdening
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: mad
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: The other of the two subjects.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Postfixed to the second item.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind (from behind, from the rear, behind)

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -tas meaning 'from' or 'at' from pṛṣṭha (back).