महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-17

विराटस्तत्र संग्रामे हत्वा पञ्चशतान्रथान् ।
हयानां च शतान्यत्र हत्वा पञ्च महारथान् ॥१७॥

17. virāṭastatra saṁgrāme hatvā pañcaśatānrathān ,
hayānāṁ ca śatānyatra hatvā pañca mahārathān.

17. virāṭaḥ tatra saṃgrāme hatvā pañcaśatān rathān
hayānām ca śatāni atra hatvā pañca mahārathān

17. In that battle (saṃgrāma), Virāṭa, having killed five hundred charioteers, and here also having killed hundreds of horses and five great warriors (mahāratha).

Words meanings summery:

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (Virāṭa (proper name))

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in that battle) (there, then)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the battle (in battle, in combat)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

• पञ्चशतान् (pañcaśatān) - five hundred

• रथान् (rathān) - charioteers (implying those fighting from chariots) (chariots, charioteers)

• हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

• च (ca) - and, also

• शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds (of horses) (hundreds)

• अत्र (atra) - here (in this battle) (here, in this (context))

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors (great warriors, great charioteers)

Words meanings and morphology

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (Virāṭa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king)

तत्र (tatra) - there (in that battle) (there, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, combat, war

Compound: sam (together) + grāma (village, multitude, here implying gathering for fight). From sam-grabh (to seize together) or sam-kram (to come together).

Note: Indicates the place of action.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root han.

Root: han (class 2)

पञ्चशतान् (pañcaśatān) - five hundred

(numeral)

Compound type : dvigu (pañca+śata)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with rathān.

रथान् (rathān) - charioteers (implying those fighting from chariots) (chariots, charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, warrior (from a chariot)

Root: rath

हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

Root: hi (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Postfixed to hayānām.

शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds (of horses) (hundreds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śata

śata - a hundred

Note: Object of hatvā.

अत्र (atra) - here (in this battle) (here, in this (context))

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root han.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Applies to both śatāni and mahārathān.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: As an adjective, it takes the case and number of the noun it modifies.

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors (great warriors, great charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a great charioteer

Compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath