महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-31, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
निर्याय नगराच्छूरा व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः ।
त्रिगर्तानस्पृशन्मत्स्याः सूर्ये परिणते सति ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
niryāya nagarācchūrā vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ ,
trigartānaspṛśanmatsyāḥ sūrye pariṇate sati.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca niryāya nagarāt śūrāḥ vyūḍhānīkāḥ
prahāriṇaḥ trigartān aspṛśan matsyāḥ sūrye pariṇate sati

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Having sallied forth from the city, the brave Matsyas, with their armies arrayed and acting as attackers, reached the Trigartas as the sun was setting.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• निर्याय (niryāya) - having gone out, having sallied forth, having departed

• नगरात् (nagarāt) - from the city

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors, heroes

• व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with arrayed armies, having formed battle arrays

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - attackers, strikers, smiters

• त्रिगर्तान् (trigartān) - the Trigartas

• अस्पृशन् (aspṛśan) - touched, reached

• मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - the Matsyas

• सूर्ये (sūrye) - when the sun, in the sun

• परिणते (pariṇate) - having declined, having set, ripened

• सति (sati) - being, existing

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

निर्याय (niryāya) - having gone out, having sallied forth, having departed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root yā (to go) with prefix nir

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

नगरात् (nagarāt) - from the city

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave warriors, heroes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic; a hero, warrior

Note: Refers to the Matsyas

व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with arrayed armies, having formed battle arrays

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyūḍhānīka

vyūḍhānīka - having arranged battalions, with armies drawn up

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arranged, arrayed, drawn up
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ūh (to push, arrange) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• anīka – army, host, battle-array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the Matsyas

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - attackers, strikers, smiters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striker, assailant, attacker

Agent Noun

From root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix pra, and suffix -in

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Matsyas

त्रिगर्तान् (trigartān) - the Trigartas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - Trigarta (name of a people/kingdom)

अस्पृशन् (aspṛśan) - touched, reached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of spṛś

Root: spṛś (class 6)

मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - the Matsyas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - a fish; name of a kingdom or people (Matsyas)

सूर्ये (sūrye) - when the sun, in the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun-god

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction

परिणते (pariṇate) - having declined, having set, ripened

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pariṇata

pariṇata - bent, bowed, declined, set (as the sun), mature, ripe

Past Passive Participle

From root nam (to bend) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, agrees with 'sūrye'

सति (sati) - being, existing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real; that which is

Present Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, agrees with 'sūrye'