महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-53, verse-5

एवमुक्तस्तु वैदर्भ्या नलस्तां प्रत्युवाच ह ।
तिष्ठत्सु लोकपालेषु कथं मानुषमिच्छसि ॥५॥

5. evamuktastu vaidarbhyā nalastāṁ pratyuvāca ha ,
tiṣṭhatsu lokapāleṣu kathaṁ mānuṣamicchasi.

5. evam uktaḥ tu vaidarbhyā nalaḥ tām pratyuvāca
ha tiṣṭhatsu lokapāleṣu katham mānuṣam icchasi

5. Addressed in this manner by the princess of Vidarbha (Vaidarbhī), Nala replied to her: 'How can you desire a mere human when the world-protectors (lokapāla) are present?'

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• वैदर्भ्या (vaidarbhyā) - by the princess of Vidarbha, by Damayanti

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

• ताम् (tām) - her

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, spoke in return

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

• तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while being present, while standing, among those existing

• लोकपालेषु (lokapāleṣu) - among the world-protectors, among the guardian deities

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - a human being, a man

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire, you wish

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Nala.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for emphasis or contrast.

वैदर्भ्या (vaidarbhyā) - by the princess of Vidarbha, by Damayanti

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vaidarbhī

vaidarbhī - a princess of Vidarbha; Damayanti (proper noun)

Derived from Vidarbha, the name of a kingdom.

Note: Agent in passive construction.

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (proper name of a king, hero of the Nalopakhyana)

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

ताम् (tām) - her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this; he, she, it

Note: Refers to Damayanti.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Derived from root √vac (to speak) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Narrative particle.

तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while being present, while standing, among those existing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, existing, being present, abiding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'lokapāleṣu'.

लोकपालेषु (lokapāleṣu) - among the world-protectors, among the guardian deities

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of lokapāla

lokapāla - a protector of the world, a guardian deity of a cardinal direction; a king

Compound of loka (world) and pāla (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+pāla)

• loka – world, realm, people, division of the universe
  noun (masculine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √pāl (to protect, guard).
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'tiṣṭhatsu'.

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - a human being, a man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to men; a human being, a man

Derived from manu (man, human being).

Note: Object of 'icchasi'.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire, you wish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 4)