महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-5, verse-4

विदुर उवाच ।
त्रिवर्गोऽयं धर्ममूलो नरेन्द्र राज्यं चेदं धर्ममूलं वदन्ति ।
धर्मे राजन्वर्तमानः स्वशक्त्या पुत्रान्सर्वान्पाहि कुन्तीसुतांश्च ॥४॥

4. vidura uvāca ,
trivargo'yaṁ dharmamūlo narendra; rājyaṁ cedaṁ dharmamūlaṁ vadanti ,
dharme rājanvartamānaḥ svaśaktyā; putrānsarvānpāhi kuntīsutāṁśca.

4. viduraḥ uvāca | trivargaḥ ayam dharmamūlaḥ
narendra rājyam ca idam dharmamūlam
vadanti | dharme rājan vartamānaḥ
svaśaktyā putrān sarvān pāhi kuntīsutān ca

4. Vidura said: "O King, this group of three pursuits (dharma, artha, kama) has its root in dharma (natural law), and they say that this kingdom also has its root in dharma (natural law). O king, abiding by dharma (natural law) with your own strength, protect all your sons and the sons of Kunti as well."

4. וִידוּרַה אמר, הו מלך, שלשת המטרות האלה, יושר, עושר והנאה, שורשן ביושר, וגם הממלכה, אומרים, שורשה ביושר. הו מלך, התמד ביושר, והגן בכוחך על כל בניך ועל בני קוּנְטִי.

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्रिवर्गः (trivargaḥ) - the three goals (dharma, artha, kama), the group of three

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• धर्ममूलः (dharmamūlaḥ) - rooted in dharma, having dharma as its origin

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O king, O lord of men

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• च (ca) - and, also

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• धर्ममूलम् (dharmamūlam) - rooted in dharma, having dharma as its origin

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak

• धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma, in the natural law, in duty

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - being, existing, acting, present

• स्वशक्त्या (svaśaktyā) - by one's own power, with one's own strength

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, whole

• पाहि (pāhi) - protect, guard

• कुन्तीसुतान् (kuntīsutān) - sons of Kunti, Pandavas

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of a wise character)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्रिवर्गः (trivargaḥ) - the three goals (dharma, artha, kama), the group of three

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trivarga

trivarga - group of three, the three aims of human life (dharma, artha, kama)

Compound type : dvigu (tri+varga)

• tri – three
  numeral (neuter)
• varga – group, class, category
  noun (masculine)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

धर्ममूलः (dharmamūlaḥ) - rooted in dharma, having dharma as its origin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmamūla

dharmamūla - rooted in dharma, having dharma as its origin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+mūla)

• dharma – dharma, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O king, O lord of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

धर्ममूलम् (dharmamūlam) - rooted in dharma, having dharma as its origin

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmamūla

dharmamūla - rooted in dharma, having dharma as its origin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+mūla)

• dharma – dharma, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vac

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma, in the natural law, in duty

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - dharma, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - being, existing, acting, present

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, acting

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √vṛt (1st class)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्वशक्त्या (svaśaktyā) - by one's own power, with one's own strength

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svaśakti

svaśakti - one's own power, one's own strength

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+śakti)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• śakti – power, strength, ability (śakti)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śak (class 5)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

पाहि (pāhi) - protect, guard

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of pā

Imperative Active

2nd person singular imperative active of √pā (2nd class)

Root: pā (class 2)

कुन्तीसुतान् (kuntīsutān) - sons of Kunti, Pandavas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuntīsuta

kuntīsuta - son of Kunti

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+suta)

• kuntī – Kunti (mother of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

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