महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-5, verse-12

यद्येतदेवमनुमन्ता सुतस्ते संप्रीयमाणः पाण्डवैरेकराज्यम् ।
तापो न ते वै भविता प्रीतियोगात्त्वं चेन्न गृह्णासि सुतं सहायैः ।
अथापरो भवति हि तं निगृह्य पाण्डोः पुत्रं प्रकुरुष्वाधिपत्ये ॥१२॥

12. yadyetadevamanumantā sutaste; saṁprīyamāṇaḥ pāṇḍavairekarājyam ,
tāpo na te vai bhavitā prītiyogā;ttvaṁ cenna gṛhṇāsi sutaṁ sahāyaiḥ ,
athāparo bhavati hi taṁ nigṛhya; pāṇḍoḥ putraṁ prakuruṣvādhipatye.

12. yat etat evam anumantā sutaḥ te saṃprīyamāṇaḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ
ekarājyam tāpaḥ na te vai bhavitā prītiyogāt
tvam cet na gṛhṇāsi sutam sahāyaiḥ atha aparaḥ bhavati
hi tam nigṛhya pāṇḍoḥ putram prakuruṣva ādhipatye

12. If your son agrees to this proposal – to rule a single kingdom, being pleased with the Pāṇḍavas – then certainly no sorrow will befall you due to such a loving alliance (prītiyoga). However, if you do not accept your son's union with these allies, then indeed another course of action becomes necessary: you must restrain him (Duryodhana) and install Pāṇḍu's son (Yudhiṣṭhira) as the ruler.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - if (introducing a conditional clause) (if, which, that)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the proposal) (this, this very)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

• अनुमन्ता (anumantā) - one who agrees (masculine singular nominative) (one who agrees, approver)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• ते (te) - your (genitive singular) (your, to you, by you)

• संप्रीयमाणः (saṁprīyamāṇaḥ) - being pleased (with the Pāṇḍavas) (being pleased, delighted)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pāṇḍavas (by the sons of Pāṇḍu, with the Pāṇḍavas)

• एकराज्यम् (ekarājyam) - a single kingdom (as an arrangement) (single kingdom, unified sovereignty)

• तापः (tāpaḥ) - sorrow, grief (heat, torment, suffering, grief)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - to you (dative singular) (your, to you, by you)

• वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, verily)

• भविता (bhavitā) - will befall (you) (will be, will become)

• प्रीतियोगात् (prītiyogāt) - due to such a loving alliance (prītiyoga) (from a union of love, from a loving connection)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (you)

• चेत् (cet) - if (introducing a conditional clause) (if)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• गृह्णासि (gṛhṇāsi) - you accept (you accept, you take, you grasp)

• सुतम् (sutam) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• सहायैः (sahāyaiḥ) - with these allies (the Pāṇḍavas, referring to the union/alliance) (with allies, with companions, by means of help)

• अथ (atha) - then, however (introducing a new condition) (then, thereupon, now)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (path/situation) (another, other, different)

• भवति (bhavati) - arises, becomes necessary (is, becomes, exists)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that)

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - by restraining (Duryodhana) (having restrained, by restraining)

• पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - of Pāṇḍu

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son)

• प्रकुरुष्व (prakuruṣva) - appoint (imperative, middle voice) (make, appoint, perform)

• आधिपत्ये (ādhipatye) - as the ruler, in sovereignty (in sovereignty, as ruler, in dominion)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - if (introducing a conditional clause) (if, which, that)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the proposal) (this, this very)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Neuter singular nominative form of the demonstrative pronoun etad.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

अनुमन्ता (anumantā) - one who agrees (masculine singular nominative) (one who agrees, approver)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anumantṛ

anumantṛ - approver, one who agrees, one who permits

Agent noun from anu-√man (to agree, approve)

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agent noun in the nominative singular, related to the verb 'to agree'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle (when used as adjective)

From √sū (to give birth, produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

ते (te) - your (genitive singular) (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

संप्रीयमाणः (saṁprīyamāṇaḥ) - being pleased (with the Pāṇḍavas) (being pleased, delighted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃprīyamāṇa

saṁprīyamāṇa - being pleased, delighted, rejoiced

Present Middle Participle

From prefix sam-pra- + √prī (to please, delight), middle voice

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'sutaḥ'.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pāṇḍavas (by the sons of Pāṇḍu, with the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derivative of Pāṇḍu

Note: Instrumental plural indicates association or agency.

एकराज्यम् (ekarājyam) - a single kingdom (as an arrangement) (single kingdom, unified sovereignty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekarājya

ekarājya - single sovereignty, undivided kingdom

Compound type : dvigu (eka+rājya)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral
• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty, dominion
  noun (neuter)
  From rājan (king)

Note: Object of 'anumantā' (agrees to).

तापः (tāpaḥ) - sorrow, grief (heat, torment, suffering, grief)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāpa

tāpa - heat, torment, pain, suffering, grief

From √tap (to heat, torment)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhavitā'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you (dative singular) (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

भविता (bhavitā) - will befall (you) (will be, will become)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic future (luṭ) of bhū

Periphrastic Future Tense

Future active participle + auxiliary verb

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रीतियोगात् (prītiyogāt) - due to such a loving alliance (prītiyoga) (from a union of love, from a loving connection)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prītiyoga

prītiyoga - union of love, loving connection, affectionate alliance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+yoga)

• prīti – love, affection, joy, pleasure
  noun (feminine)
  From √prī (to please)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• yoga – union, connection, application, spiritual discipline (yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  From √yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Ablative indicates cause or reason.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

चेत् (cet) - if (introducing a conditional clause) (if)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गृह्णासि (gṛhṇāsi) - you accept (you accept, you take, you grasp)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Present tense

Root: grah (class 9)

सुतम् (sutam) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle (when used as adjective)

From √sū (to give birth, produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gṛhṇāsi'.

सहायैः (sahāyaiḥ) - with these allies (the Pāṇḍavas, referring to the union/alliance) (with allies, with companions, by means of help)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sahāya

sahāya - companion, helper, ally

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating association.

अथ (atha) - then, however (introducing a new condition) (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (path/situation) (another, other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, different, later, posterior

Note: Refers implicitly to 'path' or 'situation'.

भवति (bhavati) - arises, becomes necessary (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'nigṛhya'.

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - by restraining (Duryodhana) (having restrained, by restraining)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From prefix ni- + √grah (to seize, hold), followed by -ya suffix for absolutives (gerunds)

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Used to express an action completed before the main verb.

पाण्डोः (pāṇḍoḥ) - of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king)

Note: Possessive case, indicating 'Pāṇḍu's'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son (Yudhiṣṭhira) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'prakuruṣva'.

प्रकुरुष्व (prakuruṣva) - appoint (imperative, middle voice) (make, appoint, perform)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative middle voice

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

आधिपत्ये (ādhipatye) - as the ruler, in sovereignty (in sovereignty, as ruler, in dominion)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ādhipatya

ādhipatya - sovereignty, dominion, supremacy, rule

From adhipati (master, ruler)

Note: Locative indicates the position or state of being a ruler.