महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-5, verse-18

असंशयं तेऽपि ममैव पुत्रा दुर्योधनस्तु मम देहात्प्रसूतः ।
स्वं वै देहं परहेतोस्त्यजेति को नु ब्रूयात्समतामन्ववेक्षन् ॥१८॥

18. asaṁśayaṁ te'pi mamaiva putrā; duryodhanastu mama dehātprasūtaḥ ,
svaṁ vai dehaṁ parahetostyajeti; ko nu brūyātsamatāmanvavekṣan.

18. asaṃśayam te api mama eva putrāḥ
duryodhanaḥ tu mama dehāt prasūtaḥ
svam vai deham parahetoḥ tyaja
iti kaḥ nu brūyāt samatām anvavekṣan

18. Undoubtedly, they (the Pāṇḍavas) are indeed my sons too, but Duryodhana was born directly from my body. Who, truly contemplating fairness, would advise someone to abandon their own body for the sake of another?

Words meanings summery:

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly, without doubt

• ते (te) - the Pandavas (they)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• मम (mama) - my

• एव (eva) - indeed, only

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• मम (mama) - my

• देहात् (dehāt) - from the body

• प्रसूतः (prasūtaḥ) - born, produced

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• देहम् (deham) - idiomatically refers to one's own son (body)

• परहेतोः (parahetoḥ) - for the sake of another

• त्यज (tyaja) - abandon, forsake

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotation marker)

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• नु (nu) - indeed, then

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would say, should say

• समताम् (samatām) - equality, impartiality, fairness

• अन्ववेक्षन् (anvavekṣan) - considering, observing, reflecting upon

Words meanings and morphology

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly, without doubt

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'asaṃśaya' (without doubt).

ते (te) - the Pandavas (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating addition or emphasis.

मम (mama) - my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Possessive.

एव (eva) - indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhritarashtra, antagonist in the Mahābhārata)

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating opposition or emphasis.

मम (mama) - my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Possessive.

देहात् (dehāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

Note: Indicates origin.

प्रसूतः (prasūtaḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasūta

prasūta - born, produced, generated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root 'sū' (class 2) with the prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 0)

स्वम् (svam) - one's own

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

Reflexive possessive pronoun.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, often enclitic.

देहम् (deham) - idiomatically refers to one's own son (body)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

Note: In this context, 'body' is used metaphorically for 'son'.

परहेतोः (parahetoḥ) - for the sake of another

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of parahetu

parahetu - cause/reason for another, for the sake of another

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+hetu)

• para – other, another, supreme, distant
  adjective (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, means, sake
  noun (masculine)

त्यज (tyaja) - abandon, forsake

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of tyaj

Imperative (Loṭ) form

Root 'tyaj' (class 1) in imperative mood, 2nd person singular active.

Root: tyaj (class 0)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Particle marking the end of direct or indirect speech/thought.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

नु (nu) - indeed, then

(indeclinable)

Interrogative and emphatic particle.

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would say, should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of brū

Optative (Vidhi-liṅ) form

Root 'brū' (class 2) in optative mood, 3rd person singular active.

Root: brū (class 0)

समताम् (samatām) - equality, impartiality, fairness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samatā

samatā - equality, impartiality, fairness, equanimity

Note: Object of 'anvavekṣan'.

अन्ववेक्षन् (anvavekṣan) - considering, observing, reflecting upon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anvavekṣat

anvavekṣat - considering, observing, reflecting upon, looking into

Present Active Participle

Formed from the root 'īkṣ' (class 1) with prefixes 'anu' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 0)