महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-5, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वनं प्रविष्टेष्वथ पाण्डवेषु प्रज्ञाचक्षुस्तप्यमानोऽम्बिकेयः ।
धर्मात्मानं विदुरमगाधबुद्धिं सुखासीनो वाक्यमुवाच राजा ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vanaṁ praviṣṭeṣvatha pāṇḍaveṣu; prajñācakṣustapyamāno'mbikeyaḥ ,
dharmātmānaṁ viduramagādhabuddhiṁ; sukhāsīno vākyamuvāca rājā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca vanam praviṣṭeṣu
atha pāṇḍaveṣu prajñācakṣuḥ tapyamānaḥ
ambikeyaḥ dharmātmānaṃ viduram
agādhabuddhiṃ sukhāsīnaḥ vākyam uvāca rājā

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, when the Pāṇḍavas had entered the forest, King Dṛtarāṣṭra, the son of Ambikā (ambikeya), who was suffering and whose inner vision was wisdom (prajñācakṣu), being comfortably seated, addressed Vidura, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness and whose intellect was unfathomable.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - the narrator Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• प्रविष्टेषु (praviṣṭeṣu) - having entered (having entered, gone into)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now)

• पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - when the Pāṇḍavas (among the Pāṇḍavas, regarding the Pāṇḍavas)

• प्रज्ञाचक्षुः (prajñācakṣuḥ) - whose insight was wisdom (referring to Dṛtarāṣṭra) (one whose eye is wisdom, having the eye of wisdom)

• तप्येमानः (tapyemānaḥ) - who was suffering (being tormented, suffering, afflicted)

• अम्बिकेयः (ambikeyaḥ) - Dṛtarāṣṭra, son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

• धर्मात्मानं (dharmātmānaṁ) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (ātman) (one whose nature is righteousness, righteous-souled)

• विदुरम् (viduram) - Vidura

• अगाधबुद्धिं (agādhabuddhiṁ) - whose intellect was unfathomable (of unfathomable intellect, profoundly intelligent)

• सुखासीनः (sukhāsīnaḥ) - being comfortably seated (comfortably seated, sitting at ease)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (a speech) (speech, word, sentence)

• उवाच (uvāca) - addressed (said, spoke)

• राजा (rājā) - King Dṛtarāṣṭra (king)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - the narrator Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of the verb uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Vaiśampāyana

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of motion for praviṣṭeṣu

प्रविष्टेषु (praviṣṭeṣu) - having entered (having entered, gone into)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into

Past Passive Participle

derived from pra + viś

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍaveṣu

अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events

पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - when the Pāṇḍavas (among the Pāṇḍavas, regarding the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

aṇ suffix from Pāṇḍu

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with praviṣṭeṣu, indicating the time of the main action.

प्रज्ञाचक्षुः (prajñācakṣuḥ) - whose insight was wisdom (referring to Dṛtarāṣṭra) (one whose eye is wisdom, having the eye of wisdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajñācakṣus

prajñācakṣus - one whose eye is wisdom, having the eye of wisdom

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prajñā+cakṣus)

• prajñā – wisdom, insight, knowledge
  noun (feminine)
  derived from pra + jñā
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• cakṣus – eye, vision
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Rājā

तप्येमानः (tapyemānaḥ) - who was suffering (being tormented, suffering, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapyemāna

tapyemāna - being tormented, suffering

Present Middle Participle

derived from root tap (to suffer, be afflicted) with śānac suffix

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rājā

अम्बिकेयः (ambikeyaḥ) - Dṛtarāṣṭra, son of Ambikā (son of Ambikā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambikeya

ambikeya - son of Ambikā (Dṛtarāṣṭra)

patronymic suffix ḍhak from Ambikā

Note: Qualifies Rājā

धर्मात्मानं (dharmātmānaṁ) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness (ātman) (one whose nature is righteousness, righteous-souled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, whose nature is righteousness

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Viduram

विदुरम् (viduram) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - name of a wise minister of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Object of the verb uvāca

अगाधबुद्धिं (agādhabuddhiṁ) - whose intellect was unfathomable (of unfathomable intellect, profoundly intelligent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agādhabuddhi

agādhabuddhi - of unfathomable intellect, profoundly intelligent

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (agādha+buddhi)

• agādha – unfathomable, deep, profound
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: gādh (class 1)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  derived from root budh
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Viduram

सुखासीनः (sukhāsīnaḥ) - being comfortably seated (comfortably seated, sitting at ease)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhāsīna

sukhāsīna - comfortably seated, sitting at ease

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+āsīna)

• sukha – comfort, ease, happiness
  noun (neuter)
• āsīna – seated, sitting
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Active Participle
  derived from root ās (to sit)
  Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Rājā

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (a speech) (speech, word, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of the verb uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - addressed (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rājā

राजा (rājā) - King Dṛtarāṣṭra (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb uvāca