महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-286, verse-12

अर्जुनेन विनाशं हि तव दानवसूदनः ।
प्रार्थयानो रणे वत्स कुण्डले ते जिहीर्षति ॥१२॥

12. arjunena vināśaṁ hi tava dānavasūdanaḥ ,
prārthayāno raṇe vatsa kuṇḍale te jihīrṣati.

12. arjunena vināśam hi tava dānavasūdanaḥ
prārthayānaḥ raṇe vatsa kuṇḍale te jihīrṣati

12. Indeed, O child (vatsa), the destroyer of Dānavas (Indra), wishing for your destruction by Arjuna, desires to take those earrings from you in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction (destruction, ruin)

• हि (hi) - indeed (for, because, indeed)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• दानवसूदनः (dānavasūdanaḥ) - the destroyer of Dānavas (Indra) (slayer of Dānavas, Indra)

• प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - desiring, wishing for (desiring, wishing, requesting)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• वत्स (vatsa) - O child (affectionate address to Karṇa) (calf, child, dear one)

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - (two) earrings (two earrings)

• ते (te) - your (referring to 'kuṇḍale') (your, from you (dative/genitive/ablative of yuṣmad))

• जिहीर्षति (jihīrṣati) - desires to take (he desires to take, he wishes to carry away)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pandava prince), white

Note: Indicates agent of action (destruction).

विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction (destruction, ruin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, disappearance

Derived from 'vi-naś' (to perish, to be destroyed).

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'prārthayānaḥ' (desiring).

हि (hi) - indeed (for, because, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Possessive pronoun.

दानवसूदनः (dānavasūdanaḥ) - the destroyer of Dānavas (Indra) (slayer of Dānavas, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānavasūdana

dānavasūdana - slayer of Dānavas, an epithet of Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (dānava+sūdana)

• dānava – a descendant of Danu, a class of demons
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroyer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'sūd' (to destroy, kill).
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रार्थयानः (prārthayānaḥ) - desiring, wishing for (desiring, wishing, requesting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prārthayamāna

prārthayamāna - desiring, requesting, wishing

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of 'prārth' (to request, desire).

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Describes 'dānavasūdanaḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

वत्स (vatsa) - O child (affectionate address to Karṇa) (calf, child, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, dear one

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - (two) earrings (two earrings)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - an earring, a ring, a coil

ते (te) - your (referring to 'kuṇḍale') (your, from you (dative/genitive/ablative of yuṣmad))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Dative/genitive singular or plural of 'yuṣmad', or enclitic form for possessive.

Note: Enclitic form of 'yuṣmad' genitive.

जिहीर्षति (jihīrṣati) - desires to take (he desires to take, he wishes to carry away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jihīrṣati

Desiderative Present Active

Desiderative form of 'hṛ' (to take/carry), Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'dānavasūdanaḥ'.