महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-271, verse-8

स महात्मा महावेगः कुम्भकर्णस्य मूर्धनि ।
बिभेद शालं सुग्रीवो न चैवाव्यथयत्कपिः ॥८॥

8. sa mahātmā mahāvegaḥ kumbhakarṇasya mūrdhani ,
bibheda śālaṁ sugrīvo na caivāvyathayatkapiḥ.

8. saḥ mahātmā mahāvegaḥ kumbhakarṇasya mūrdhni
bibheda śālam sugrīvaḥ na ca eva avyathayat kapiḥ

8. That great-souled, very swift Sugriva broke the śāla tree on Kumbhakarna's head, but the monkey (Sugriva) did not pain him at all.

8. סוּגְרִיוַה הקוף, בעל הנפש הגדולה והמהירות העצומה, שבר את עץ השָׁאלַה על ראשו של קוּמְבְּהַקַרְנַה, אך לא גרם לו כאב.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sugriva) (he, that)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (describing Sugriva) (great-souled, magnanimous)

• महावेगः (mahāvegaḥ) - very swift (describing Sugriva) (very swift, of great speed)

• कुम्भकर्णस्य (kumbhakarṇasya) - of Kumbhakarna

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, in the forefront)

• बिभेद (bibheda) - broke (the śāla tree) (broke, split, pierced)

• शालम् (śālam) - the śāla tree (which was used as a weapon) (a śāla tree)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (king of the monkeys) (Sugriva (proper name))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - but (and)

• एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing negation) (only, indeed, just)

• अव्यथयत् (avyathayat) - pained (Kumbhakarna) (pained, harmed, disturbed)

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (referring to Sugriva) (monkey)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sugriva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (describing Sugriva) (great-souled, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, individual (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: nominative singular form

महावेगः (mahāvegaḥ) - very swift (describing Sugriva) (very swift, of great speed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvega

mahāvega - of great speed, very swift, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vega – speed, impulse, force
  noun (masculine)

Note: nominative singular form

कुम्भकर्णस्य (kumbhakarṇasya) - of Kumbhakarna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (proper name), having pot-like ears

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: genitive singular form

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, in the forefront)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, peak

Note: locative singular form

बिभेद (bibheda) - broke (the śāla tree) (broke, split, pierced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhid

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active

शालम् (śālam) - the śāla tree (which was used as a weapon) (a śāla tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāla

śāla - śāla tree (Shorea robusta), house

Note: accusative singular form

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (king of the monkeys) (Sugriva (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king), having a beautiful neck

Note: nominative singular form

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: negation particle

च (ca) - but (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing negation) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: emphasis particle

अव्यथयत् (avyathayat) - pained (Kumbhakarna) (pained, harmed, disturbed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyath

Causative from root √vyath, with 'a' as a negative prefix. 'a-vyathayat' means 'did not cause pain'.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect active of causative root, with 'a' for negation.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (referring to Sugriva) (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: nominative singular form

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