महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-271, verse-8

स महात्मा महावेगः कुम्भकर्णस्य मूर्धनि ।
बिभेद शालं सुग्रीवो न चैवाव्यथयत्कपिः ॥८॥

8. sa mahātmā mahāvegaḥ kumbhakarṇasya mūrdhani ,
bibheda śālaṁ sugrīvo na caivāvyathayatkapiḥ.

8. saḥ mahātmā mahāvegaḥ kumbhakarṇasya mūrdhni
bibheda śālam sugrīvaḥ na ca eva avyathayat kapiḥ

8. That great-souled, very swift Sugriva broke the śāla tree on Kumbhakarna's head, but the monkey (Sugriva) did not pain him at all.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sugriva) (he, that)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (describing Sugriva) (great-souled, magnanimous)

• महावेगः (mahāvegaḥ) - very swift (describing Sugriva) (very swift, of great speed)

• कुम्भकर्णस्य (kumbhakarṇasya) - of Kumbhakarna

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, in the forefront)

• बिभेद (bibheda) - broke (the śāla tree) (broke, split, pierced)

• शालम् (śālam) - the śāla tree (which was used as a weapon) (a śāla tree)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (king of the monkeys) (Sugriva (proper name))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - but (and)

• एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing negation) (only, indeed, just)

• अव्यथयत् (avyathayat) - pained (Kumbhakarna) (pained, harmed, disturbed)

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (referring to Sugriva) (monkey)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sugriva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (describing Sugriva) (great-souled, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, individual (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: nominative singular form

महावेगः (mahāvegaḥ) - very swift (describing Sugriva) (very swift, of great speed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvega

mahāvega - of great speed, very swift, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vega – speed, impulse, force
  noun (masculine)

Note: nominative singular form

कुम्भकर्णस्य (kumbhakarṇasya) - of Kumbhakarna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (proper name), having pot-like ears

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: genitive singular form

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head (on the head, in the forefront)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, peak

Note: locative singular form

बिभेद (bibheda) - broke (the śāla tree) (broke, split, pierced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhid

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active

शालम् (śālam) - the śāla tree (which was used as a weapon) (a śāla tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāla

śāla - śāla tree (Shorea robusta), house

Note: accusative singular form

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (king of the monkeys) (Sugriva (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king), having a beautiful neck

Note: nominative singular form

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: negation particle

च (ca) - but (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

एव (eva) - at all (emphasizing negation) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: emphasis particle

अव्यथयत् (avyathayat) - pained (Kumbhakarna) (pained, harmed, disturbed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyath

Causative from root √vyath, with 'a' as a negative prefix. 'a-vyathayat' means 'did not cause pain'.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect active of causative root, with 'a' for negation.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - the monkey (referring to Sugriva) (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: nominative singular form